Psalms 37:12

Authorized King James Version

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The wicked plotteth against the just, and gnasheth upon him with his teeth.

Original Language Analysis

זֹמֵ֣ם plotteth H2161
זֹמֵ֣ם plotteth
Strong's: H2161
Word #: 1 of 6
to plan, usually in a bad sense
רָ֭שָׁע The wicked H7563
רָ֭שָׁע The wicked
Strong's: H7563
Word #: 2 of 6
morally wrong; concretely, an (actively) bad person
לַצַּדִּ֑יק against the just H6662
לַצַּדִּ֑יק against the just
Strong's: H6662
Word #: 3 of 6
just
וְחֹרֵ֖ק and gnasheth H2786
וְחֹרֵ֖ק and gnasheth
Strong's: H2786
Word #: 4 of 6
to grate the teeth
עָלָ֣יו H5921
עָלָ֣יו
Strong's: H5921
Word #: 5 of 6
above, over, upon, or against (yet always in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great variety of applications
שִׁנָּֽיו׃ upon him with his teeth H8127
שִׁנָּֽיו׃ upon him with his teeth
Strong's: H8127
Word #: 6 of 6
a tooth (as sharp); specifically ivory; figuratively, a cliff

Analysis & Commentary

The wicked 'plotteth' (Hebrew 'zamam,' devises, purposes) reveals premeditated hostility toward the just. Gnashing teeth (also in Psalm 35:16, 37:12) expresses rage and violent intent—teeth bared in fury. This image appears when religious authorities opposed Jesus (Acts 7:54) and describes hell's occupants (Matthew 8:12). The contrast between plotting schemes and gnashing teeth shows both calculated malice and passionate hatred. Yet the verse presents this factually, not alarmingly—the subsequent verse reveals God's response.

Historical Context

Ancient Near Eastern imagery used animals gnashing teeth to depict ferocious attack. David applies this to human enemies whose hatred resembles predatory animals stalking prey.

Questions for Reflection

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