Psalms 2:11

Authorized King James Version

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Serve the LORD with fear, and rejoice with trembling.

Original Language Analysis

עִבְד֣וּ Serve H5647
עִבְד֣וּ Serve
Strong's: H5647
Word #: 1 of 6
to work (in any sense); by implication, to serve, till, (causatively) enslave, etc
אֶת H853
אֶת
Strong's: H853
Word #: 2 of 6
properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)
יְהוָ֣ה the LORD H3068
יְהוָ֣ה the LORD
Strong's: H3068
Word #: 3 of 6
(the) self-existent or eternal; jeho-vah, jewish national name of god
בְּיִרְאָ֑ה with fear H3374
בְּיִרְאָ֑ה with fear
Strong's: H3374
Word #: 4 of 6
fear (also used as infinitive); morally, reverence
וְ֝גִ֗ילוּ and rejoice H1523
וְ֝גִ֗ילוּ and rejoice
Strong's: H1523
Word #: 5 of 6
properly, to spin round (under the influence of any violent emotion), i.e., usually rejoice, or (as cringing) fear
בִּרְעָדָֽה׃ with trembling H7461
בִּרְעָדָֽה׃ with trembling
Strong's: H7461
Word #: 6 of 6
a shudder

Analysis & Commentary

This verse captures the paradox of proper worship: fear and joy coexisting. "Serve" (עִבְדוּ/'ivdu) means worship through service, submission, and obedience—not casual friendship but recognition of God's holiness and sovereignty. "Fear" (יִרְאָה/yir'ah) denotes reverential awe, not terror, but profound respect for God's majesty and justice. Yet simultaneously "rejoice" (גִּילוּ/gilu)—exult, be glad—with "trembling" (רְעָדָה/re'adah), quaking or trembling. The paradox reflects biblical worship: we approach the consuming fire (Hebrews 12:29) with confidence through Christ's blood (Hebrews 10:19), simultaneously awed by holiness and welcomed by grace. This follows the psalm's warning to rebellious nations and kings—submit joyfully before it's too late.

Historical Context

Psalm 2 is a royal coronation psalm, likely used when Davidic kings were installed. The ancient Near East saw frequent rebellions when kingdoms changed hands—vassal nations testing new rulers. Against earthly power struggles, the psalm asserts Yahweh's sovereignty and His anointed king's authority. By the Second Temple period, Jews understood Psalm 2 messianically (referenced in Acts 4:25-26, Hebrews 1:5, 5:5, Revelation 2:27). The early church saw Christ as the ultimate Anointed One whom nations either serve with fear or face in judgment.

Questions for Reflection