Psalms 139:18

If I should count them, they are more in number than the sand: when I awake, I am still with thee.

Word-by-Word Analysis

אֶ֭סְפְּרֵם

H5608

If I should count

properly, to score with a mark as a tally or record, i.e., (by implication) to inscribe, and also to enumerate; intensively, to recount, i.e., celebra

מֵח֣וֹל

H2344

than the sand

sand (as round or whirling particles)

יִרְבּ֑וּן

H7235

them they are more in number

to increase (in whatever respect)

הֱ֝קִיצֹ֗תִי

H6974

when I awake

to awake (literally or figuratively)

וְעוֹדִ֥י

H5750

I am still

properly, iteration or continuance; used only adverbially (with or without preposition), again, repeatedly, still, more

עִמָּֽךְ׃

H5973

adverb or preposition, with (i.e., in conjunction with), in varied applications; specifically, equally with; often with prepositional prefix (and then

Analysis

The worship and praise theme here intersects with the broader canonical witness to God's character and purposes. Biblical theology recognizes this as part of progressive revelation that finds its culmination in Christ. The phrase emphasizing divine revelation contributes to our systematic understanding of Christian doctrine and connects to the broader scriptural witness about God's consistent character and purposes.

Historical Context

The historical context of the monarchic period, particularly David's reign (c. 1000-970 BCE) provides crucial background for understanding this verse. The Israelite monarchy with its temple worship, court life, and constant military threats created the liturgical and emotional context for these prayers and praises. The ancient Israelite worship practices and court culture would have shaped how the original audience understood divine revelation. Archaeological and historical evidence reveals Temple archaeology and ancient musical instruments illuminate the liturgical context of Israelite worship.

Questions for Reflection

What practical applications emerge from understanding worship and praise as presented in this verse, particularly in light of contemporary challenges facing the church and individual believers?
In what ways does understanding divine revelation in its original context challenge or deepen contemporary Christian thinking about worship and praise?
How might the original audience's understanding of divine revelation differ from modern interpretations, and what bridges can be built between ancient meaning and contemporary application?