Psalms 139:17

Authorized King James Version

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How precious also are thy thoughts unto me, O God! how great is the sum of them!

Original Language Analysis

וְלִ֗י H0
וְלִ֗י
Strong's: H0
Word #: 1 of 8
מַה H4100
מַה
Strong's: H4100
Word #: 2 of 8
properly, interrogative what? (including how? why? when?); but also exclamation, what! (including how!), or indefinitely what (including whatever, and
יָּקְר֣וּ How precious H3365
יָּקְר֣וּ How precious
Strong's: H3365
Word #: 3 of 8
properly, apparently, to be heavy, i.e., (figuratively) valuable; causatively, to make rare (figuratively, to inhibit)
רֵעֶ֣יךָ also are thy thoughts H7454
רֵעֶ֣יךָ also are thy thoughts
Strong's: H7454
Word #: 4 of 8
a thought (as association of ideas)
אֵ֑ל unto me O God H410
אֵ֑ל unto me O God
Strong's: H410
Word #: 5 of 8
strength; as adjective, mighty; especially the almighty (but used also of any deity)
מֶ֥ה H4100
מֶ֥ה
Strong's: H4100
Word #: 6 of 8
properly, interrogative what? (including how? why? when?); but also exclamation, what! (including how!), or indefinitely what (including whatever, and
עָ֝צְמוּ how great H6105
עָ֝צְמוּ how great
Strong's: H6105
Word #: 7 of 8
to bind fast, i.e., close (the eyes); intransitively, to be (causatively, make) powerful or numerous; to crunch the bones
רָאשֵׁיהֶֽם׃ is the sum H7218
רָאשֵׁיהֶֽם׃ is the sum
Strong's: H7218
Word #: 8 of 8
the head (as most easily shaken), whether literal or figurative (in many applications, of place, time, rank, itc.)

Analysis & Commentary

How precious also are thy thoughts unto me, O God! how great is the sum of them! David's response to divine omniscience (vv. 1-6) and creative providence (vv. 13-16) is wonder, not terror. Precious (יָקָר, yaqar) means costly, weighty, honored—God's thoughts toward His people have infinite value. Thoughts (רֵעִים, re'im) can mean purposes, plans, or intentions—not mere abstract ideas but active divine concern.

How great is the sum of them (רָאשֵׁיהֶם, rasheihem) literally means 'their heads' or chief parts—even counting only the main categories of God's thoughts would be overwhelming. This verse bridges the psalm's first half (God's knowledge) with the intensely personal application: God's omniscience is not cold surveillance but caring attentiveness. Every thought of God toward you is precious, purposeful, and innumerable.

Historical Context

The Hebrew concept of God's 'thoughts' differs from Greek philosophical abstraction—these are covenant thoughts, relational intentions. Jeremiah 29:11 echoes this: 'I know the thoughts that I think toward you.' For David, fleeing enemies (possibly Absalom or Saul), this was profound comfort.

Questions for Reflection