Psalms 135:9

Authorized King James Version

Who sent tokens and wonders into the midst of thee, O Egypt, upon Pharaoh, and upon all his servants.

Word-by-Word Analysis
#1
שָׁלַ֤ח׀
Who sent
to send away, for, or out (in a great variety of applications)
#2
אֹתֹ֣ות
tokens
a signal (literally or figuratively), as a flag, beacon, monument, omen, prodigy, evidence, etc
#3
וּ֭מֹפְתִים
and wonders
a miracle; by implication, a token or omen
#4
בְּתוֹכֵ֣כִי
into the midst
a bisection, i.e., (by implication) the center
#5
מִצְרָ֑יִם
of thee O Egypt
mitsrajim, i.e., upper and lower egypt
#6
בְּ֝פַרְעֹ֗ה
upon Pharaoh
paroh, a general title of egyptian kings
#7
וּבְכָל
properly, the whole; hence, all, any or every (in the singular only, but often in a plural sense)
#8
עֲבָדָֽיו׃
and upon all his servants
a servant

Analysis

This verse develops the worship and praise theme central to Psalms. The concept of divine revelation reflects the proper human response to God's character and works. The literary structure and word choice here contribute to worship literature expressing the full range of human experience before God, advancing the author's theological argument. The original language emphasizes careful word choice that would have carried specific theological weight for the original audience, providing deeper understanding of the author's theological intention.

Historical Context

This passage must be understood within the Israelite monarchy with its court politics and military conflicts. The author writes to address worshipers in the temple and those seeking God in times of distress, making the emphasis on worship and praise particularly relevant. Historical documents from this period show cultural practices and social structures that would have been familiar to the original readers, illuminating the verse's original impact.

Questions for Reflection