Proverbs 13:8

Authorized King James Version

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The ransom of a man's life are his riches: but the poor heareth not rebuke.

Original Language Analysis

כֹּ֣פֶר The ransom H3724
כֹּ֣פֶר The ransom
Strong's: H3724
Word #: 1 of 8
properly, a cover, i.e., (literally) a village (as covered in)
נֶֽפֶשׁ life H5315
נֶֽפֶשׁ life
Strong's: H5315
Word #: 2 of 8
properly, a breathing creature, i.e., animal of (abstractly) vitality; used very widely in a literal, accommodated or figurative sense (bodily or ment
אִ֣ישׁ of a man's H376
אִ֣ישׁ of a man's
Strong's: H376
Word #: 3 of 8
a man as an individual or a male person; often used as an adjunct to a more definite term (and in such cases frequently not expressed in translation)
עָשְׁר֑וֹ are his riches H6239
עָשְׁר֑וֹ are his riches
Strong's: H6239
Word #: 4 of 8
wealth
וְ֝רָ֗שׁ but the poor H7326
וְ֝רָ֗שׁ but the poor
Strong's: H7326
Word #: 5 of 8
to be destitute
לֹא H3808
לֹא
Strong's: H3808
Word #: 6 of 8
not (the simple or abs. negation); by implication, no; often used with other particles
שָׁמַ֥ע heareth H8085
שָׁמַ֥ע heareth
Strong's: H8085
Word #: 7 of 8
to hear intelligently (often with implication of attention, obedience, etc.; causatively, to tell, etc.)
גְּעָרָֽה׃ not rebuke H1606
גְּעָרָֽה׃ not rebuke
Strong's: H1606
Word #: 8 of 8
a chiding

Analysis & Commentary

This proverb addresses wealth's relative power to rescue or protect. "The ransom of a man's life are his riches" observes that wealthy people can sometimes buy their way out of danger. Kofer nefesh-ish oshro (כֹּפֶר נֶפֶשׁ־אִישׁ עָשְׁרוֹ, the ransom of a man's life—his riches). Kofer (כֹּפֶר) means ransom price, bribe, atonement. Wealth can pay kidnappers, satisfy extortionists, or legally settle disputes.

"But the poor heareth not rebuke" presents an ironic benefit of poverty. The Hebrew is terse: rash lo-shama ge'arah (רָשׁ לֹא־שָׁמַע גְּעָרָה, the poor does not hear rebuke/threat). Because the poor have nothing, they're not targets for extortion or kidnapping. They don't hear threats demanding ransom because they have no ransom to give.

The proverb offers sociological observation without moral judgment. Wealth provides certain advantages (protection through ransom), but poverty provides others (immunity from wealth-based threats). Neither condition guarantees security. Proverbs elsewhere warns against trusting riches (11:28, 23:4-5). Job 36:18-19 warns: "Because there is wrath, beware lest he take thee away with his stroke: then a great ransom cannot deliver thee." Ultimate security comes not from wealth or poverty but from God. Jesus warned about deceitfulness of riches (Mark 4:19) and told the rich young ruler to sell all and follow Him (Mark 10:21). Christ is our ransom (Mark 10:45, 1 Peter 1:18-19).

Historical Context

Ancient Near Eastern societies experienced kidnapping for ransom, political hostage-taking, and legal fines. Wealthy individuals were targets because they could pay. Exodus 21:30 allowed paying ransom (kofer) for accidental death. Numbers 35:31 prohibited ransom for murderers. The poor, having no resources, weren't worth kidnapping or extorting. This proverb reflects these realities without romanticizing either wealth or poverty.

Questions for Reflection

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