Proverbs 10:14

Authorized King James Version

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Wise men lay up knowledge: but the mouth of the foolish is near destruction.

Original Language Analysis

חֲכָמִ֥ים Wise H2450
חֲכָמִ֥ים Wise
Strong's: H2450
Word #: 1 of 7
wise, (i.e., intelligent, skilful or artful)
יִצְפְּנוּ men lay up H6845
יִצְפְּנוּ men lay up
Strong's: H6845
Word #: 2 of 7
to hide (by covering over); by implication, to hoard or reserve; figuratively to deny; specifically (favorably) to protect, (unfavorably) to lurk
דָ֑עַת knowledge H1847
דָ֑עַת knowledge
Strong's: H1847
Word #: 3 of 7
knowledge
וּפִֽי but the mouth H6310
וּפִֽי but the mouth
Strong's: H6310
Word #: 4 of 7
the mouth (as the means of blowing), whether literal or figurative (particularly speech); specifically edge, portion or side; adverbially (with prepos
אֱ֝וִיל of the foolish H191
אֱ֝וִיל of the foolish
Strong's: H191
Word #: 5 of 7
(figuratively) silly
מְחִתָּ֥ה destruction H4288
מְחִתָּ֥ה destruction
Strong's: H4288
Word #: 6 of 7
properly, a dissolution; concretely, a ruin, or (abstractly) consternation
קְרֹבָֽה׃ is near H7138
קְרֹבָֽה׃ is near
Strong's: H7138
Word #: 7 of 7
near (in place, kindred or time)

Analysis & Commentary

This proverb contrasts wisdom's strategic preparation with folly's impending disaster. "Wise men lay up knowledge" uses tsaphan (צָפַן, to treasure, store, hide away)—the same verb describing hiding treasure for safekeeping. Knowledge (da'at, דַּעַת) is not mere information but skillful understanding of God's ways. The wise accumulate wisdom as one stores grain for famine, building reserves for future challenges.

"But the mouth of the foolish is near destruction" presents the alternative. The fool's mouth—representing his characteristic speech—stands on the precipice of ruin. Mechittah (מְחִתָּה, destruction, ruin) awaits the careless talker. Rather than storing wisdom, the fool speaks impulsively, revealing ignorance and inviting calamity. James 3:6 warns that "the tongue is a fire, a world of iniquity...and setteth on fire the course of nature; and it is set on fire of hell."

The proverb teaches preparedness versus presumption. The wise anticipate challenges by accumulating wisdom from Scripture, godly counsel, and experience. The fool speaks without thought, creating problems rather than solving them. In Christ, believers have access to God's infinite wisdom (Colossians 2:3) and should diligently store His Word in their hearts (Psalm 119:11).

Historical Context

In ancient agrarian societies, storing grain was essential for survival during lean years. Joseph's wisdom in storing during plenty saved Egypt and Israel during famine (Genesis 41). Solomon applies this principle to intellectual and spiritual preparedness—wise people accumulate knowledge against future trials. The fool's mouth, by contrast, hastens destruction through rash words, false witness, or revealing secrets.

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