Philippians 4:18

Authorized King James Version

But I have all, and abound: I am full, having received of Epaphroditus the things which were sent from you, an odour of a sweet smell, a sacrifice acceptable, wellpleasing to God.

Word-by-Word Analysis
#1
ἀπέχω
I have
(actively) to have out, i.e., receive in full; (intransitively) to keep (oneself) away, i.e., be distant (literally or figuratively)
#2
δὲ
But
but, and, etc
#3
πάντα
all
all, any, every, the whole
#4
καὶ
and
and, also, even, so then, too, etc.; often used in connection (or composition) with other particles or small words
#5
περισσεύω·
abound
to superabound (in quantity or quality), be in excess, be superfluous; also (transitively) to cause to superabound or excel
#6
πεπλήρωμαι
I am full
to make replete, i.e., (literally) to cram (a net), level up (a hollow), or (figuratively) to furnish (or imbue, diffuse, influence), satisfy, execute
#7
δεξάμενος
having received
to receive (in various applications, literally or figuratively)
#8
παρ'
of
properly, near; i.e., (with genitive case) from beside (literally or figuratively), (with dative case) at (or in) the vicinity of (objectively or subj
#9
Ἐπαφροδίτου
Epaphroditus
epaphroditus, a christian
#10
τὰ
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
#11
παρ'
of
properly, near; i.e., (with genitive case) from beside (literally or figuratively), (with dative case) at (or in) the vicinity of (objectively or subj
#12
ὑμῶν
you
of (from or concerning) you
#13
ὀσμὴν
an odour
fragrance (literally or figuratively)
#14
εὐωδίας
of a sweet smell
good-scentedness, i.e., fragrance
#15
θυσίαν
a sacrifice
sacrifice (the act or the victim, literally or figuratively)
#16
δεκτήν
acceptable
approved; (figuratively) propitious
#17
εὐάρεστον
wellpleasing
fully agreeable
#18
τῷ
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
#19
θεῷ
to God
a deity, especially (with g3588) the supreme divinity; figuratively, a magistrate; exceedingly (by hebraism)

Analysis

The salvation theme here intersects with the metanarrative of redemption running from Genesis to Revelation. Biblical theology recognizes this as part of a unified storyline from the promise in Genesis 3:15 to its fulfillment in Christ. The phrase emphasizing divine sovereignty contributes to our systematic understanding of Christian doctrine and connects to the broader scriptural witness about God's saving work from the Exodus to the cross.

Historical Context

This passage must be understood within the political and social structures of the biblical period. The author writes to address believers seeking to understand God's will and purposes, making the emphasis on salvation particularly relevant. Historical documents from this period show cultural practices and social structures that would have been familiar to the original readers, illuminating the verse's original impact.

Questions for Reflection

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