Philippians 4:18

Authorized King James Version

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But I have all, and abound: I am full, having received of Epaphroditus the things which were sent from you, an odour of a sweet smell, a sacrifice acceptable, wellpleasing to God.

Original Language Analysis

ἀπέχω I have G568
ἀπέχω I have
Strong's: G568
Word #: 1 of 19
(actively) to have out, i.e., receive in full; (intransitively) to keep (oneself) away, i.e., be distant (literally or figuratively)
δὲ But G1161
δὲ But
Strong's: G1161
Word #: 2 of 19
but, and, etc
πάντα all G3956
πάντα all
Strong's: G3956
Word #: 3 of 19
all, any, every, the whole
καὶ and G2532
καὶ and
Strong's: G2532
Word #: 4 of 19
and, also, even, so then, too, etc.; often used in connection (or composition) with other particles or small words
περισσεύω· abound G4052
περισσεύω· abound
Strong's: G4052
Word #: 5 of 19
to superabound (in quantity or quality), be in excess, be superfluous; also (transitively) to cause to superabound or excel
πεπλήρωμαι I am full G4137
πεπλήρωμαι I am full
Strong's: G4137
Word #: 6 of 19
to make replete, i.e., (literally) to cram (a net), level up (a hollow), or (figuratively) to furnish (or imbue, diffuse, influence), satisfy, execute
δεξάμενος having received G1209
δεξάμενος having received
Strong's: G1209
Word #: 7 of 19
to receive (in various applications, literally or figuratively)
παρ' of G3844
παρ' of
Strong's: G3844
Word #: 8 of 19
properly, near; i.e., (with genitive case) from beside (literally or figuratively), (with dative case) at (or in) the vicinity of (objectively or subj
Ἐπαφροδίτου Epaphroditus G1891
Ἐπαφροδίτου Epaphroditus
Strong's: G1891
Word #: 9 of 19
epaphroditus, a christian
τὰ G3588
τὰ
Strong's: G3588
Word #: 10 of 19
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
παρ' of G3844
παρ' of
Strong's: G3844
Word #: 11 of 19
properly, near; i.e., (with genitive case) from beside (literally or figuratively), (with dative case) at (or in) the vicinity of (objectively or subj
ὑμῶν you G5216
ὑμῶν you
Strong's: G5216
Word #: 12 of 19
of (from or concerning) you
ὀσμὴν an odour G3744
ὀσμὴν an odour
Strong's: G3744
Word #: 13 of 19
fragrance (literally or figuratively)
εὐωδίας of a sweet smell G2175
εὐωδίας of a sweet smell
Strong's: G2175
Word #: 14 of 19
good-scentedness, i.e., fragrance
θυσίαν a sacrifice G2378
θυσίαν a sacrifice
Strong's: G2378
Word #: 15 of 19
sacrifice (the act or the victim, literally or figuratively)
δεκτήν acceptable G1184
δεκτήν acceptable
Strong's: G1184
Word #: 16 of 19
approved; (figuratively) propitious
εὐάρεστον wellpleasing G2101
εὐάρεστον wellpleasing
Strong's: G2101
Word #: 17 of 19
fully agreeable
τῷ G3588
τῷ
Strong's: G3588
Word #: 18 of 19
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
θεῷ to God G2316
θεῷ to God
Strong's: G2316
Word #: 19 of 19
a deity, especially (with g3588) the supreme divinity; figuratively, a magistrate; exceedingly (by hebraism)

Analysis & Commentary

But I have all, and abound: I am full, having received of Epaphroditus the things which were sent from you, an odour of a sweet smell, a sacrifice acceptable, wellpleasing to God (ἀπέχω δὲ πάντα καὶ περισσεύω· πεπλήρωμαι δεξάμενος παρὰ Ἐπαφροδίτου τὰ παρ' ὑμῶν, ὀσμὴν εὐωδίας, θυσίαν δεκτήν, εὐάρεστον τῷ θεῷ, apechō de panta kai perisseuō; peplērōmai dexamenos para Epaphroditou ta par' hymōn, osmēn euōdias, thysian dektēn, euareston tō theō)—Apechō panta ("I have all")—receipt language, "paid in full." Perisseuō ("I abound")—more than sufficient. Peplērōmai ("I am full")—complete satisfaction. Three phrases stress sufficiency. Their gift came para Epaphroditou ("from Epaphroditus," 2:25-30). Crucially: osmēn euōdias, thysian dektēn, euareston tō theō ("fragrance of sweet smell, sacrifice acceptable, wellpleasing to God")—cultic language (Ex 29:18; Lev 1:9). Their financial gift is worship-offering to God, not charity to Paul. This elevates giving: it's priestly service, spiritual worship.

Historical Context

OT sacrifices produced 'pleasing aroma' to God—anthropomorphic language for divine acceptance. Paul applies this to Philippian generosity: their gift ascends to God as worship. This theology transforms giving from horizontal (person-to-person) to vertical (person-to-God). Ancient benefactors expected public recognition; Paul redirects credit to God. Christian giving is liturgy (leitourgia, 2:30), priestly act (Rom 15:16), spiritual sacrifice (Rom 12:1). Philippi's generosity worshiped God while meeting Paul's need.

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