Numbers 31:12

Authorized King James Version

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And they brought the captives, and the prey, and the spoil, unto Moses, and Eleazar the priest, and unto the congregation of the children of Israel, unto the camp at the plains of Moab, which are by Jordan near Jericho.

Original Language Analysis

וַיָּבִ֡אוּ And they brought H935
וַיָּבִ֡אוּ And they brought
Strong's: H935
Word #: 1 of 25
to go or come (in a wide variety of applications)
אֶל H413
אֶל
Strong's: H413
Word #: 2 of 25
near, with or among; often in general, to
מֹשֶׁה֩ unto Moses H4872
מֹשֶׁה֩ unto Moses
Strong's: H4872
Word #: 3 of 25
mosheh, the israelite lawgiver
וְאֶל H413
וְאֶל
Strong's: H413
Word #: 4 of 25
near, with or among; often in general, to
אֶלְעָזָ֨ר and Eleazar H499
אֶלְעָזָ֨ר and Eleazar
Strong's: H499
Word #: 5 of 25
elazar, the name of seven israelites
הַכֹּהֵ֜ן the priest H3548
הַכֹּהֵ֜ן the priest
Strong's: H3548
Word #: 6 of 25
literally one officiating, a priest; also (by courtesy) an acting priest (although a layman)
וְאֶל H413
וְאֶל
Strong's: H413
Word #: 7 of 25
near, with or among; often in general, to
עֲדַ֣ת and unto the congregation H5712
עֲדַ֣ת and unto the congregation
Strong's: H5712
Word #: 8 of 25
a stated assemblage (specifically, a concourse, or generally, a family or crowd)
בְּנֵֽי of the children H1121
בְּנֵֽי of the children
Strong's: H1121
Word #: 9 of 25
a son (as a builder of the family name), in the widest sense (of literal and figurative relationship, including grandson, subject, nation, quality or
יִשְׂרָאֵ֗ל of Israel H3478
יִשְׂרָאֵ֗ל of Israel
Strong's: H3478
Word #: 10 of 25
he will rule as god; jisral, a symbolical name of jacob; also (typically) of his posterity
אֶת H853
אֶת
Strong's: H853
Word #: 11 of 25
properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)
הַשְּׁבִ֧י the captives H7628
הַשְּׁבִ֧י the captives
Strong's: H7628
Word #: 12 of 25
exiled; captured; as noun, exile (abstractly or concretely and collectively); by extension, booty
וְאֶת H853
וְאֶת
Strong's: H853
Word #: 13 of 25
properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)
הַמַּלְק֛וֹחַ and the prey H4455
הַמַּלְק֛וֹחַ and the prey
Strong's: H4455
Word #: 14 of 25
transitively (in dual) the jaws (as taking food)
וְאֶת H853
וְאֶת
Strong's: H853
Word #: 15 of 25
properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)
הַשָּׁלָ֖ל and the spoil H7998
הַשָּׁלָ֖ל and the spoil
Strong's: H7998
Word #: 16 of 25
booty
אֶל H413
אֶל
Strong's: H413
Word #: 17 of 25
near, with or among; often in general, to
הַֽמַּחֲנֶ֑ה unto the camp H4264
הַֽמַּחֲנֶ֑ה unto the camp
Strong's: H4264
Word #: 18 of 25
an encampment (of travellers or troops); hence, an army, whether literal (of soldiers) or figurative (of dancers, angels, cattle, locusts, stars; or e
אֶל H413
אֶל
Strong's: H413
Word #: 19 of 25
near, with or among; often in general, to
עַֽרְבֹ֣ת at the plains H6160
עַֽרְבֹ֣ת at the plains
Strong's: H6160
Word #: 20 of 25
a desert; especially (with the article prefix) the (generally) sterile valley of the jordan and its continuation to the red sea
מוֹאָ֔ב of Moab H4124
מוֹאָ֔ב of Moab
Strong's: H4124
Word #: 21 of 25
moab, an incestuous son of lot; also his territory and descendants
אֲשֶׁ֖ר H834
אֲשֶׁ֖ר
Strong's: H834
Word #: 22 of 25
who, which, what, that; also (as an adverb and a conjunction) when, where, how, because, in order that, etc
עַל H5921
עַל
Strong's: H5921
Word #: 23 of 25
above, over, upon, or against (yet always in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great variety of applications
יַרְדֵּ֥ן which are by Jordan H3383
יַרְדֵּ֥ן which are by Jordan
Strong's: H3383
Word #: 24 of 25
jarden, the principal river of palestine
יְרֵחֽוֹ׃ near Jericho H3405
יְרֵחֽוֹ׃ near Jericho
Strong's: H3405
Word #: 25 of 25
jericho or jerecho, a place in palestine

Analysis & Commentary

They brought the captives, and the prey, and the spoil, unto Moses, and Eleazar the priest—this presentation to both civil leader (Moses) and religious leader (Eleazar) demonstrates Israel's theocratic structure where military victory required both governmental and priestly oversight. The location at the plains of Moab...by Jordan near Jericho places them at Israel's assembly point before Canaan entry, within sight of the Promised Land but still outside its borders.

Bringing spoils to leadership for inspection and distribution prevented individual soldiers from claiming trophies contrary to cherem laws. This accountability structure protected Israel from Achan-like theft (Joshua 7), where personal greed brought corporate judgment. The principle: spiritual victories require submission to divinely-appointed authority for proper stewardship and corporate blessing.

Historical Context

The plains of Moab served as Israel's staging ground for approximately one year before Joshua led Canaan's conquest. Here they received final law instructions (Deuteronomy), took the second census (Numbers 26), and executed judgment on Midian. The proximity to Jericho (visible across the Jordan) kept Israel's goal in view while Moses delivered final teachings. Eleazar the high priest represented continuity (Aaron's son) while Joshua represented transition (Moses' successor, v.28). The convergence of old and new leadership at this site marked Israel's generational shift from wilderness wandering to conquest.

Questions for Reflection

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