Numbers 29:38

Authorized King James Version

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And one goat for a sin offering; beside the continual burnt offering, and his meat offering, and his drink offering.

Original Language Analysis

וּשְׂעִ֥יר goat H8163
וּשְׂעִ֥יר goat
Strong's: H8163
Word #: 1 of 8
shaggy; as noun, a he-goat; by analogy, a faun
חַטָּ֖את for a sin offering H2403
חַטָּ֖את for a sin offering
Strong's: H2403
Word #: 2 of 8
an offence (sometimes habitual sinfulness), and its penalty, occasion, sacrifice, or expiation; also (concretely) an offender
אֶחָ֑ד And one H259
אֶחָ֑ד And one
Strong's: H259
Word #: 3 of 8
properly, united, i.e., one; or (as an ordinal) first
מִלְּבַד֙ H905
מִלְּבַד֙
Strong's: H905
Word #: 4 of 8
properly, separation; by implication, a part of the body, branch of a tree, bar for carrying; figuratively, chief of a city; especially (with preposit
עֹלַ֣ת burnt offering H5930
עֹלַ֣ת burnt offering
Strong's: H5930
Word #: 5 of 8
a step or (collectively, stairs, as ascending); usually a holocaust (as going up in smoke)
הַתָּמִ֔יד beside the continual H8548
הַתָּמִ֔יד beside the continual
Strong's: H8548
Word #: 6 of 8
properly, continuance (as indefinite extension); but used only (attributively as adjective) constant (or adverbially, constantly); elliptically the re
וּמִנְחָתָ֖הּ and his meat offering H4503
וּמִנְחָתָ֖הּ and his meat offering
Strong's: H4503
Word #: 7 of 8
a donation; euphemistically, tribute; specifically a sacrificial offering (usually bloodless and voluntary)
וְנִסְכָּֽהּ׃ and his drink offering H5262
וְנִסְכָּֽהּ׃ and his drink offering
Strong's: H5262
Word #: 8 of 8
a libation; also a cast idol

Analysis & Commentary

One goat for a sin offering—The eighth and final chatat of the festival sequence. Even this climactic day beyond the seven-day completeness requires atonement beside the continual burnt offering. The eschatological symbolism of the eighth day does not negate present sinfulness—a crucial corrective to over-realized eschatology.

The eighth-day sin offering points to the permanence of Christ's atonement in the new creation. While the old covenant required repeated offerings, even on the "eternal eighth day," Christ's single sacrifice secures eternal redemption (Hebrews 9:12). The pattern is fulfilled and transcended: we need no more goats, for we have the Lamb.

Historical Context

This concluding sin offering of the most joyful festival in Israel's calendar reinforced that covenant relationship rested on blood atonement, not human merit. The entire eight-day sequence taught that God's blessings flow through substitutionary sacrifice, a pattern pointing to Calvary.

Questions for Reflection

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