Nehemiah 6:1

Authorized King James Version

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Now it came to pass, when Sanballat, and Tobiah, and Geshem the Arabian, and the rest of our enemies, heard that I had builded the wall, and that there was no breach left therein; (though at that time I had not set up the doors upon the gates;)

Original Language Analysis

וַיְהִ֣י H1961
וַיְהִ֣י
Strong's: H1961
Word #: 1 of 25
to exist, i.e., be or become, come to pass (always emphatic, and not a mere copula or auxiliary)
כַֽאֲשֶׁ֣ר H834
כַֽאֲשֶׁ֣ר
Strong's: H834
Word #: 2 of 25
who, which, what, that; also (as an adverb and a conjunction) when, where, how, because, in order that, etc
נִשְׁמַ֣ע heard H8085
נִשְׁמַ֣ע heard
Strong's: H8085
Word #: 3 of 25
to hear intelligently (often with implication of attention, obedience, etc.; causatively, to tell, etc.)
לְסַנְבַלַּ֣ט Now it came to pass when Sanballat H5571
לְסַנְבַלַּ֣ט Now it came to pass when Sanballat
Strong's: H5571
Word #: 4 of 25
sanballat, a persian satrap of samaria
וְ֠טֽוֹבִיָּה and Tobiah H2900
וְ֠טֽוֹבִיָּה and Tobiah
Strong's: H2900
Word #: 5 of 25
tobijah, the name of three israelites and of one samaritan
וּלְגֶ֨שֶׁם and Geshem H1654
וּלְגֶ֨שֶׁם and Geshem
Strong's: H1654
Word #: 6 of 25
geshem or gashmu, an arabian
הָֽעַרְבִ֜י the Arabian H6163
הָֽעַרְבִ֜י the Arabian
Strong's: H6163
Word #: 7 of 25
an arabian or inhabitant of arab (i.e., arabia)
וּלְיֶ֣תֶר and the rest H3499
וּלְיֶ֣תֶר and the rest
Strong's: H3499
Word #: 8 of 25
properly, an overhanging, i.e., (by implication) a small rope (as hanging free)
אֹֽיְבֵ֗ינוּ of our enemies H341
אֹֽיְבֵ֗ינוּ of our enemies
Strong's: H341
Word #: 9 of 25
hating; an adversary
כִּ֤י H3588
כִּ֤י
Strong's: H3588
Word #: 10 of 25
(by implication) very widely used as a relative conjunction or adverb (as below); often largely modified by other particles annexed
בָנִ֙יתִי֙ that I had builded H1129
בָנִ֙יתִי֙ that I had builded
Strong's: H1129
Word #: 11 of 25
to build (literally and figuratively)
אֶת H853
אֶת
Strong's: H853
Word #: 12 of 25
properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)
הַ֣חוֹמָ֔ה the wall H2346
הַ֣חוֹמָ֔ה the wall
Strong's: H2346
Word #: 13 of 25
a wall of protection
וְלֹא H3808
וְלֹא
Strong's: H3808
Word #: 14 of 25
not (the simple or abs. negation); by implication, no; often used with other particles
נ֥וֹתַר left H3498
נ֥וֹתַר left
Strong's: H3498
Word #: 15 of 25
to jut over or exceed; by implication, to excel; (intransitively) to remain or be left; causatively to leave, cause to abound, preserve
בָּ֖הּ H0
בָּ֖הּ
Strong's: H0
Word #: 16 of 25
פָּ֑רֶץ and that there was no breach H6556
פָּ֑רֶץ and that there was no breach
Strong's: H6556
Word #: 17 of 25
a break (literally or figuratively)
גַּ֚ם therein (though H1571
גַּ֚ם therein (though
Strong's: H1571
Word #: 18 of 25
properly, assemblage; used only adverbially also, even, yea, though; often repeated as correl. both...and
עַד H5704
עַד
Strong's: H5704
Word #: 19 of 25
as far (or long, or much) as, whether of space (even unto) or time (during, while, until) or degree (equally with)
הָעֵ֣ת at that time H6256
הָעֵ֣ת at that time
Strong's: H6256
Word #: 20 of 25
time, especially (adverb with preposition) now, when, etc
הַהִ֔יא H1931
הַהִ֔יא
Strong's: H1931
Word #: 21 of 25
he (she or it); only expressed when emphatic or without a verb; also (intensively) self, or (especially with the article) the same; sometimes (as demo
דְּלָת֖וֹת the doors H1817
דְּלָת֖וֹת the doors
Strong's: H1817
Word #: 22 of 25
something swinging, i.e., the valve of a door
לֹֽא H3808
לֹֽא
Strong's: H3808
Word #: 23 of 25
not (the simple or abs. negation); by implication, no; often used with other particles
הֶעֱמַ֥דְתִּי I had not set up H5975
הֶעֱמַ֥דְתִּי I had not set up
Strong's: H5975
Word #: 24 of 25
to stand, in various relations (literal and figurative, intransitive and transitive)
בַשְּׁעָרִֽים׃ upon the gates H8179
בַשְּׁעָרִֽים׃ upon the gates
Strong's: H8179
Word #: 25 of 25
an opening, i.e., door or gate

Analysis & Commentary

Now it came to pass, when Sanballat, and Tobiah, and Geshem the Arabian, and the rest of our enemies, heard that I had builded the wall, and that there was no breach left therein; (though at that time I had not set up the doors upon the gates;)

This verse within Nehemiah 6 addresses themes of deception, completing the work, steadfastness, discernment. Enemies shift tactics from open opposition to subtle deception, requiring spiritual discernment to complete the wall in 52 days. The construction work (banah, בָּנָה) symbolizes restoring what sin and judgment destroyed. Jerusalem's wall (chomah, חוֹמָה) provided security, dignity, and testimony to God's faithfulness. City gates were strategic both defensively and administratively, controlling access and serving as centers of commerce and justice. This passage demonstrates biblical principles applicable across both testaments—God's sovereignty combined with human responsibility, faith expressed through obedient action, and the necessity of both individual and corporate commitment to covenant faithfulness. Nehemiah models leadership that combines vision, prayer, courage, integrity, and perseverance amid sustained opposition.

Historical Context

Nehemiah's account occurs during Persian imperial dominance (539-331 BC), specifically 445-433 BC under Artaxerxes I. The 52-day wall completion represents remarkable achievement given opposition and limited resources. Excavations have confirmed portions of Nehemiah's wall and various gates mentioned in the text. The Persian period was crucial transitional time when Jewish identity shifted from monarchical nationalism to Torah-centered covenantal community. Without political independence, the people's cohesion depended on shared scripture, temple worship, and covenant obedience. This established patterns persisting through the Second Temple period into New Testament times. Understanding this context illuminates Jesus's ministry among a people shaped by these reforms and challenges.

Questions for Reflection

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