Nehemiah 2:19

Authorized King James Version

But when Sanballat the Horonite, and Tobiah the servant, the Ammonite, and Geshem the Arabian, heard it, they laughed us to scorn, and despised us, and said, What is this thing that ye do? will ye rebel against the king?

Word-by-Word Analysis
#1
וַיִּשְׁמַע֩
heard
to hear intelligently (often with implication of attention, obedience, etc.; causatively, to tell, etc.)
#2
סַנְבַלַּ֨ט
But when Sanballat
sanballat, a persian satrap of samaria
#3
הַחֹֽרֹנִ֜י
the Horonite
a choronite or inhabitant of choronaim
#4
וְטֹֽבִיָּ֣ה׀
and Tobiah
tobijah, the name of three israelites and of one samaritan
#5
הָעֶ֣בֶד
the servant
a servant
#6
הָֽעַמּוֹנִ֗י
the Ammonite
an ammonite or (the adjective) ammonitish
#7
וְגֶ֙שֶׁם֙
and Geshem
geshem or gashmu, an arabian
#8
הָֽעַרְבִ֔י
the Arabian
an arabian or inhabitant of arab (i.e., arabia)
#9
וַיַּלְעִ֣גוּ
it they laughed us to scorn
to deride; by implication (as if imitating a foreigner) to speak unintelligibly
#10
לָ֔נוּ
H0
#11
וַיִּבְז֖וּ
and despised
to disesteem
#12
עָלֵ֑ינוּ
above, over, upon, or against (yet always in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great variety of applications
#13
וַיֹּֽאמְר֗וּ
us and said
to say (used with great latitude)
#14
מָֽה
properly, interrogative what? (including how? why? when?); but also exclamation, what! (including how!), or indefinitely what (including whatever, and
#15
הַדָּבָ֤ר
What is this thing
a word; by implication, a matter (as spoken of) or thing; adverbially, a cause
#16
הַזֶּה֙
the masculine demonstrative pronoun, this or that
#17
אֲשֶׁ֣ר
who, which, what, that; also (as an adverb and a conjunction) when, where, how, because, in order that, etc
#18
אַתֶּ֣ם
thou and thee, or (plural) ye and you
#19
עֹשִׂ֔ים
that ye do
to do or make, in the broadest sense and widest application
#20
הַעַ֥ל
above, over, upon, or against (yet always in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great variety of applications
#21
הַמֶּ֖לֶךְ
against the king
a king
#22
אַתֶּ֥ם
thou and thee, or (plural) ye and you
#23
מֹֽרְדִֽים׃
will ye rebel
to rebel

Analysis

This verse develops the salvation theme central to Nehemiah. The concept of divine revelation reflects the development of salvation within biblical theology. The literary structure and word choice here contribute to biblical literature contributing to the canon's theological witness, advancing the author's theological argument. The original language emphasizes careful word choice that would have carried specific theological weight for the original audience, providing deeper understanding of the author's theological intention.

Historical Context

The literary and historical milieu of the literary conventions and historical circumstances of biblical literature shapes this text's meaning. The historical development of salvation within the theological tradition of Nehemiah Understanding the ancient worldview that shaped the author's theological expression helps modern readers appreciate why the author emphasizes divine revelation in this particular way.

Questions for Reflection