Nehemiah 5:14

Authorized King James Version

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Moreover from the time that I was appointed to be their governor in the land of Judah, from the twentieth year even unto the two and thirtieth year of Artaxerxes the king, that is, twelve years, I and my brethren have not eaten the bread of the governor.

Original Language Analysis

גַּ֞ם H1571
גַּ֞ם
Strong's: H1571
Word #: 1 of 26
properly, assemblage; used only adverbially also, even, yea, though; often repeated as correl. both...and
מִיּ֣וֹם׀ Moreover from the time H3117
מִיּ֣וֹם׀ Moreover from the time
Strong's: H3117
Word #: 2 of 26
a day (as the warm hours), whether literal (from sunrise to sunset, or from one sunset to the next), or figurative (a space of time defined by an asso
אֲשֶׁר H834
אֲשֶׁר
Strong's: H834
Word #: 3 of 26
who, which, what, that; also (as an adverb and a conjunction) when, where, how, because, in order that, etc
צִוָּ֣ה that I was appointed H6680
צִוָּ֣ה that I was appointed
Strong's: H6680
Word #: 4 of 26
(intensively) to constitute, enjoin
אֹתִ֗י H853
אֹתִ֗י
Strong's: H853
Word #: 5 of 26
properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)
לִֽהְי֣וֹת H1961
לִֽהְי֣וֹת
Strong's: H1961
Word #: 6 of 26
to exist, i.e., be or become, come to pass (always emphatic, and not a mere copula or auxiliary)
הַפֶּ֖חָה of the governor H6346
הַפֶּ֖חָה of the governor
Strong's: H6346
Word #: 7 of 26
a prefect (of a city or small district)
בְּאֶ֣רֶץ in the land H776
בְּאֶ֣רֶץ in the land
Strong's: H776
Word #: 8 of 26
the earth (at large, or partitively a land)
יְהוּדָה֒ of Judah H3063
יְהוּדָה֒ of Judah
Strong's: H3063
Word #: 9 of 26
jehudah (or judah), the name of five israelites; also of the tribe descended from the first, and of its territory
שָׁנִ֖ים year H8141
שָׁנִ֖ים year
Strong's: H8141
Word #: 10 of 26
a year (as a revolution of time)
עֶשְׂרִ֗ים from the twentieth H6242
עֶשְׂרִ֗ים from the twentieth
Strong's: H6242
Word #: 11 of 26
twenty; also (ordinal) twentieth
וְ֠עַד H5704
וְ֠עַד
Strong's: H5704
Word #: 12 of 26
as far (or long, or much) as, whether of space (even unto) or time (during, while, until) or degree (equally with)
שָׁנִ֖ים year H8141
שָׁנִ֖ים year
Strong's: H8141
Word #: 13 of 26
a year (as a revolution of time)
שְׁלֹשִׁ֤ים and thirtieth H7970
שְׁלֹשִׁ֤ים and thirtieth
Strong's: H7970
Word #: 14 of 26
thirty; or (ordinal) thirtieth
שְׁתֵּ֣ים even unto the two H8147
שְׁתֵּ֣ים even unto the two
Strong's: H8147
Word #: 15 of 26
two; also (as ordinal) twofold
לְאַרְתַּחְשַׁ֣סְתְּא of Artaxerxes H783
לְאַרְתַּחְשַׁ֣סְתְּא of Artaxerxes
Strong's: H783
Word #: 16 of 26
artachshasta (or artaxerxes), a title (rather than name) of several persian kings
הַמֶּ֔לֶךְ the king H4428
הַמֶּ֔לֶךְ the king
Strong's: H4428
Word #: 17 of 26
a king
שָׁנִ֖ים year H8141
שָׁנִ֖ים year
Strong's: H8141
Word #: 18 of 26
a year (as a revolution of time)
שְׁתֵּ֣ים even unto the two H8147
שְׁתֵּ֣ים even unto the two
Strong's: H8147
Word #: 19 of 26
two; also (as ordinal) twofold
עֶשְׂרֵ֑ה H6240
עֶשְׂרֵ֑ה
Strong's: H6240
Word #: 20 of 26
ten (only in combination), i.e., -teen; also (ordinal) -teenth
אֲנִ֣י H589
אֲנִ֣י
Strong's: H589
Word #: 21 of 26
i
וְאַחַ֔י I and my brethren H251
וְאַחַ֔י I and my brethren
Strong's: H251
Word #: 22 of 26
a brother (used in the widest sense of literal relationship and metaphorical affinity or resemblance [like h0001])
לֶ֥חֶם the bread H3899
לֶ֥חֶם the bread
Strong's: H3899
Word #: 23 of 26
food (for man or beast), especially bread, or grain (for making it)
הַפֶּ֖חָה of the governor H6346
הַפֶּ֖חָה of the governor
Strong's: H6346
Word #: 24 of 26
a prefect (of a city or small district)
לֹ֥א H3808
לֹ֥א
Strong's: H3808
Word #: 25 of 26
not (the simple or abs. negation); by implication, no; often used with other particles
אָכַֽלְתִּי׃ have not eaten H398
אָכַֽלְתִּי׃ have not eaten
Strong's: H398
Word #: 26 of 26
to eat (literally or figuratively)

Analysis & Commentary

Moreover from the time that I was appointed to be their governor in the land of Judah, from the twentieth year even unto the two and thirtieth year of Artaxerxes the king, that is, twelve years, I and my brethren have not eaten the bread of the governor.

This verse within Nehemiah 5 addresses themes of justice, integrity, selfless leadership, economic reform. Internal crisis threatens to destroy what external opposition could not—economic exploitation requiring bold reforming leadership. This passage demonstrates biblical principles applicable across both testaments—God's sovereignty combined with human responsibility, faith expressed through obedient action, and the necessity of both individual and corporate commitment to covenant faithfulness. Nehemiah models leadership that combines vision, prayer, courage, integrity, and perseverance amid sustained opposition.

Historical Context

Nehemiah's account occurs during Persian imperial dominance (539-331 BC), specifically 445-433 BC under Artaxerxes I. The 52-day wall completion represents remarkable achievement given opposition and limited resources. Excavations have confirmed portions of Nehemiah's wall and various gates mentioned in the text. The Persian period was crucial transitional time when Jewish identity shifted from monarchical nationalism to Torah-centered covenantal community. Without political independence, the people's cohesion depended on shared scripture, temple worship, and covenant obedience. This established patterns persisting through the Second Temple period into New Testament times. Understanding this context illuminates Jesus's ministry among a people shaped by these reforms and challenges.

Questions for Reflection

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