Nehemiah 12:39

Authorized King James Version

PDF

And from above the gate of Ephraim, and above the old gate, and above the fish gate, and the tower of Hananeel, and the tower of Meah, even unto the sheep gate: and they stood still in the prison gate.

Original Language Analysis

וּמֵעַ֣ל H5921
וּמֵעַ֣ל
Strong's: H5921
Word #: 1 of 19
above, over, upon, or against (yet always in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great variety of applications
בְּשַׁ֖עַר And from above the gate H8179
בְּשַׁ֖עַר And from above the gate
Strong's: H8179
Word #: 2 of 19
an opening, i.e., door or gate
אֶ֠פְרַיִם of Ephraim H669
אֶ֠פְרַיִם of Ephraim
Strong's: H669
Word #: 3 of 19
ephrajim, a son of joseph; also the tribe descended from him, and its territory
וְעַל H5921
וְעַל
Strong's: H5921
Word #: 4 of 19
above, over, upon, or against (yet always in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great variety of applications
בְּשַׁ֖עַר And from above the gate H8179
בְּשַׁ֖עַר And from above the gate
Strong's: H8179
Word #: 5 of 19
an opening, i.e., door or gate
הַיְשָׁנָ֜ה and above the old H3465
הַיְשָׁנָ֜ה and above the old
Strong's: H3465
Word #: 6 of 19
old
וְעַל H5921
וְעַל
Strong's: H5921
Word #: 7 of 19
above, over, upon, or against (yet always in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great variety of applications
בְּשַׁ֖עַר And from above the gate H8179
בְּשַׁ֖עַר And from above the gate
Strong's: H8179
Word #: 8 of 19
an opening, i.e., door or gate
הַדָּגִ֗ים and above the fish H1709
הַדָּגִ֗ים and above the fish
Strong's: H1709
Word #: 9 of 19
a fish (often used collectively)
וּמִגְדַּ֣ל and the tower H4026
וּמִגְדַּ֣ל and the tower
Strong's: H4026
Word #: 10 of 19
a tower (from its size or height); by analogy, a rostrum; figuratively, a (pyramidal) bed of flowers
חֲנַנְאֵל֙ of Hananeel H2606
חֲנַנְאֵל֙ of Hananeel
Strong's: H2606
Word #: 11 of 19
chananel, probably an israelite, from whom a tower of jerusalem was named
וּמִגְדַּ֣ל and the tower H4026
וּמִגְדַּ֣ל and the tower
Strong's: H4026
Word #: 12 of 19
a tower (from its size or height); by analogy, a rostrum; figuratively, a (pyramidal) bed of flowers
הַמֵּאָ֔ה of Meah H3968
הַמֵּאָ֔ה of Meah
Strong's: H3968
Word #: 13 of 19
meah, a tower in jerusalem
וְעַ֖ד H5704
וְעַ֖ד
Strong's: H5704
Word #: 14 of 19
as far (or long, or much) as, whether of space (even unto) or time (during, while, until) or degree (equally with)
בְּשַׁ֖עַר And from above the gate H8179
בְּשַׁ֖עַר And from above the gate
Strong's: H8179
Word #: 15 of 19
an opening, i.e., door or gate
הַצֹּ֑אן even unto the sheep H6629
הַצֹּ֑אן even unto the sheep
Strong's: H6629
Word #: 16 of 19
a collective name for a flock (of sheep or goats); also figuratively (of men)
וְעָ֣מְד֔וּ and they stood still H5975
וְעָ֣מְד֔וּ and they stood still
Strong's: H5975
Word #: 17 of 19
to stand, in various relations (literal and figurative, intransitive and transitive)
בְּשַׁ֖עַר And from above the gate H8179
בְּשַׁ֖עַר And from above the gate
Strong's: H8179
Word #: 18 of 19
an opening, i.e., door or gate
הַמַּטָּרָֽה׃ in the prison H4307
הַמַּטָּרָֽה׃ in the prison
Strong's: H4307
Word #: 19 of 19
a jail (as a guard-house); also an aim (as being closely watched)

Analysis & Commentary

And from above the gate of Ephraim, and above the old gate, and above the fish gate, and the tower of Hananeel, and the tower of Meah, even unto the sheep gate: and they stood still in the prison gate.

This verse within Nehemiah 12 addresses themes of worship, dedication, celebration, generational continuity. The wall dedication features joyful worship and thanksgiving, celebrating God's faithfulness in enabling the work's completion. City gates were strategic both defensively and administratively, controlling access and serving as centers of commerce and justice. This passage demonstrates biblical principles applicable across both testaments—God's sovereignty combined with human responsibility, faith expressed through obedient action, and the necessity of both individual and corporate commitment to covenant faithfulness. Nehemiah models leadership that combines vision, prayer, courage, integrity, and perseverance amid sustained opposition.

Historical Context

Nehemiah's account occurs during Persian imperial dominance (539-331 BC), specifically 445-433 BC under Artaxerxes I. Nehemiah's final reforms address recurring covenant violations, demonstrating the ongoing challenge of maintaining spiritual commitment across generations. The Persian period was crucial transitional time when Jewish identity shifted from monarchical nationalism to Torah-centered covenantal community. Without political independence, the people's cohesion depended on shared scripture, temple worship, and covenant obedience. This established patterns persisting through the Second Temple period into New Testament times. Understanding this context illuminates Jesus's ministry among a people shaped by these reforms and challenges.

Questions for Reflection