Matthew 8:20

Authorized King James Version

And Jesus saith unto him, The foxes have holes, and the birds of the air have nests; but the Son of man hath not where to lay his head.

Word-by-Word Analysis
#1
καὶ
And
and, also, even, so then, too, etc.; often used in connection (or composition) with other particles or small words
#2
λέγει
saith
properly, to "lay" forth, i.e., (figuratively) relate (in words (usually of systematic or set discourse; whereas g2036 and g5346 generally refer to an
#3
αὐτῷ
unto him
the reflexive pronoun self, used (alone or in the comparative g1438) of the third person, and (with the proper personal pronoun) of the other persons
#4
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
#5
Ἰησοῦς
Jesus
jesus (i.e., jehoshua), the name of our lord and two (three) other israelites
#6
Αἱ
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
#7
ἀλώπεκες
The foxes
a fox, i.e., (figuratively) a cunning person
#8
φωλεοὺς
holes
a burrow or lurking-place
#9
ἔχει
hath
to hold (used in very various applications, literally or figuratively, direct or remote; such as possession; ability, contiuity, relation, or conditio
#10
καὶ
And
and, also, even, so then, too, etc.; often used in connection (or composition) with other particles or small words
#11
τὰ
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
#12
πετεινὰ
the birds
a flying animal, i.e., bird
#13
τοῦ
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
#14
οὐρανοῦ
of the air
the sky; by extension, heaven (as the abode of god); by implication, happiness, power, eternity; specially, the gospel (christianity)
#15
κατασκηνώσεις
have nests
an encamping, i.e., (figuratively) a perch
#16
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
#17
δὲ
but
but, and, etc
#18
υἱὸς
the Son
a "son" (sometimes of animals), used very widely of immediate, remote or figuratively, kinship
#19
τοῦ
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
#20
ἀνθρώπου
of man
man-faced, i.e., a human being
#21
οὐκ
not
the absolute negative (compare g3361) adverb; no or not
#22
ἔχει
hath
to hold (used in very various applications, literally or figuratively, direct or remote; such as possession; ability, contiuity, relation, or conditio
#23
ποῦ
where
as adverb of place; at (by implication, to) what locality
#24
τὴν
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
#25
κεφαλὴν
his head
the head (as the part most readily taken hold of), literally or figuratively
#26
κλίνῃ
to lay
to slant or slope, i.e., incline or recline (literally or figuratively)

Analysis

This verse develops the salvation theme central to Matthew. The concept of divine revelation reflects the development of salvation within biblical theology. The literary structure and word choice here contribute to gospel presenting Jesus as the fulfillment of Jewish Messianic hope, advancing the author's theological argument. The original language emphasizes careful word choice that would have carried specific theological weight for the original audience, providing deeper understanding of the author's theological intention.

Historical Context

This passage must be understood within Roman imperial rule over Jewish Palestine with messianic expectations. The author writes to address Jewish Christians seeking to understand Jesus as Messiah, making the emphasis on salvation particularly relevant. Historical documents from this period show cultural practices and social structures that would have been familiar to the original readers, illuminating the verse's original impact.

Questions for Reflection

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