Matthew 26:20

Authorized King James Version

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Now when the even was come, he sat down with the twelve.

Original Language Analysis

Ὀψίας when the even G3798
Ὀψίας when the even
Strong's: G3798
Word #: 1 of 7
late; feminine (as noun) afternoon (early eve) or nightfall (later eve)
δὲ Now G1161
δὲ Now
Strong's: G1161
Word #: 2 of 7
but, and, etc
γενομένης was come G1096
γενομένης was come
Strong's: G1096
Word #: 3 of 7
to cause to be ("gen"-erate), i.e., (reflexively) to become (come into being), used with great latitude (literal, figurative, intensive, etc.)
ἀνέκειτο he sat down G345
ἀνέκειτο he sat down
Strong's: G345
Word #: 4 of 7
to recline (as a corpse or at a meal)
μετὰ with G3326
μετὰ with
Strong's: G3326
Word #: 5 of 7
properly, denoting accompaniment; "amid" (local or causal); modified variously according to the case (genitive association, or accusative succession)
τῶν G3588
τῶν
Strong's: G3588
Word #: 6 of 7
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
δώδεκα the twelve G1427
δώδεκα the twelve
Strong's: G1427
Word #: 7 of 7
two and ten, i.e., a dozen

Analysis & Commentary

When the even was come (ὀψίας δὲ γενομένης, opsias de genomenēs)—Passover officially began at sundown, marking Nisan 15 by Jewish reckoning. He sat down (ἀνέκειτο, anekeito)—Actually 'reclined,' as free men reclined at Passover to symbolize freedom from Egyptian slavery, in contrast to slaves who stood while eating.

With the twelve—This intimate circle would soon fracture through betrayal, denial, and desertion. Yet Jesus intentionally includes Judas, demonstrating divine mercy even to the betrayer. The phrase echoes Israel's twelve tribes sharing the original Passover, now reconstituted around the true Lamb of God.

Historical Context

First-century Passover meals followed specific posture: participants reclined on their left side, leaving their right hand free for eating. They leaned on cushions around a low U-shaped table (triclinium). This reclining position explains how John could lean on Jesus's breast (John 13:23) and how Judas could dip in the same dish.

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