Mark 12:38

Authorized King James Version

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And he said unto them in his doctrine, Beware of the scribes, which love to go in long clothing, and love salutations in the marketplaces,

Original Language Analysis

καὶ And G2532
καὶ And
Strong's: G2532
Word #: 1 of 21
and, also, even, so then, too, etc.; often used in connection (or composition) with other particles or small words
ἔλεγεν he said G3004
ἔλεγεν he said
Strong's: G3004
Word #: 2 of 21
properly, to "lay" forth, i.e., (figuratively) relate (in words (usually of systematic or set discourse; whereas g2036 and g5346 generally refer to an
αὐτοῦ unto them G846
αὐτοῦ unto them
Strong's: G846
Word #: 3 of 21
the reflexive pronoun self, used (alone or in the comparative g1438) of the third person, and (with the proper personal pronoun) of the other persons
ἐν in G1722
ἐν in
Strong's: G1722
Word #: 4 of 21
"in," at, (up-)on, by, etc
ταῖς which G3588
ταῖς which
Strong's: G3588
Word #: 5 of 21
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
διδαχῇ doctrine G1322
διδαχῇ doctrine
Strong's: G1322
Word #: 6 of 21
instruction (the act or the matter)
αὐτοῦ unto them G846
αὐτοῦ unto them
Strong's: G846
Word #: 7 of 21
the reflexive pronoun self, used (alone or in the comparative g1438) of the third person, and (with the proper personal pronoun) of the other persons
Βλέπετε Beware G991
Βλέπετε Beware
Strong's: G991
Word #: 8 of 21
to look at (literally or figuratively)
ἀπὸ of G575
ἀπὸ of
Strong's: G575
Word #: 9 of 21
"off," i.e., away (from something near), in various senses (of place, time, or relation; literal or figurative)
ταῖς which G3588
ταῖς which
Strong's: G3588
Word #: 10 of 21
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
γραμματέων the scribes G1122
γραμματέων the scribes
Strong's: G1122
Word #: 11 of 21
a professional writer
ταῖς which G3588
ταῖς which
Strong's: G3588
Word #: 12 of 21
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
θελόντων love G2309
θελόντων love
Strong's: G2309
Word #: 13 of 21
to determine (as an active option from subjective impulse; whereas g1014 properly denotes rather a passive acquiescence in objective considerations),
ἐν in G1722
ἐν in
Strong's: G1722
Word #: 14 of 21
"in," at, (up-)on, by, etc
στολαῖς long clothing G4749
στολαῖς long clothing
Strong's: G4749
Word #: 15 of 21
equipment, i.e., (specially), a "stole" or long-fitting gown (as a mark of dignity)
περιπατεῖν to go G4043
περιπατεῖν to go
Strong's: G4043
Word #: 16 of 21
to tread all around, i.e., walk at large (especially as proof of ability); figuratively, to live, deport oneself, follow (as a companion or votary)
καὶ And G2532
καὶ And
Strong's: G2532
Word #: 17 of 21
and, also, even, so then, too, etc.; often used in connection (or composition) with other particles or small words
ἀσπασμοὺς love salutations G783
ἀσπασμοὺς love salutations
Strong's: G783
Word #: 18 of 21
a greeting (in person or by letter)
ἐν in G1722
ἐν in
Strong's: G1722
Word #: 19 of 21
"in," at, (up-)on, by, etc
ταῖς which G3588
ταῖς which
Strong's: G3588
Word #: 20 of 21
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
ἀγοραῖς the marketplaces G58
ἀγοραῖς the marketplaces
Strong's: G58
Word #: 21 of 21
properly, the town-square (as a place of public resort); by implication, a market or thoroughfare

Analysis & Commentary

Jesus warns: Beware of the scribes (Βλέπετε ἀπὸ τῶν γραμματέων)—the imperative βλέπετε means 'watch out,' 'be on guard.' This isn't blanket condemnation (Jesus just praised one scribe, v. 34) but warning against scribal hypocrisy. The scribes love to go in long clothing (θελόντων ἐν στολαῖς περιπατεῖν)—στολαί (stolai) refers to flowing robes that distinguished scribes as religious professionals. This clothing signaled status, demanding public deference. Love salutations in the marketplaces (ἀσπασμοὺς ἐν ταῖς ἀγοραῖς) describes their craving for public recognition and honorific titles ('Rabbi,' 'Teacher').

Jesus exposes the core issue: θέλω (thelō = 'to desire,' 'to love')—these scribes love honor, status, and recognition. Their ministry serves ego rather than God. This indictment applies to all religious leaders who use position for self-exaltation rather than service. Matthew's fuller account (23:5-12) records Jesus condemning those who do religious works 'to be seen by men.' The desire for human acclaim corrupts ministry, transforming servants into celebrities.

Historical Context

Scribes occupied high social status in first-century Judaism. As Torah experts and teachers, they received public honor—standing when they entered, best seats at banquets, respectful greetings. Their long robes (similar to academic regalia) visually distinguished them from common people. Markets and synagogues provided stages for public display. Jesus' critique echoes prophetic denunciations of leaders who exploited their positions (Ezekiel 34; Micah 3:5-12). This warning came during Passion Week, as scribes plotted Jesus' death (Mark 14:1). The religious establishment's hostility to Jesus stemmed partly from His challenge to their authority and popularity. His teaching attracted crowds (v. 37), threatening their status. Jesus modeled the opposite: servant leadership (Mark 10:42-45) and humility (Philippians 2:5-8).

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