Mark 10:39

Authorized King James Version

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And they said unto him, We can. And Jesus said unto them, Ye shall indeed drink of the cup that I drink of; and with the baptism that I am baptized withal shall ye be baptized:

Original Language Analysis

οἱ G3588
οἱ
Strong's: G3588
Word #: 1 of 24
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
δὲ And G1161
δὲ And
Strong's: G1161
Word #: 2 of 24
but, and, etc
εἶπεν said G2036
εἶπεν said
Strong's: G2036
Word #: 3 of 24
to speak or say (by word or writing)
αὐτοῖς unto him G846
αὐτοῖς unto him
Strong's: G846
Word #: 4 of 24
the reflexive pronoun self, used (alone or in the comparative g1438) of the third person, and (with the proper personal pronoun) of the other persons
Δυνάμεθα We can G1410
Δυνάμεθα We can
Strong's: G1410
Word #: 5 of 24
to be able or possible
G3588
Strong's: G3588
Word #: 6 of 24
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
δὲ And G1161
δὲ And
Strong's: G1161
Word #: 7 of 24
but, and, etc
Ἰησοῦς Jesus G2424
Ἰησοῦς Jesus
Strong's: G2424
Word #: 8 of 24
jesus (i.e., jehoshua), the name of our lord and two (three) other israelites
εἶπεν said G2036
εἶπεν said
Strong's: G2036
Word #: 9 of 24
to speak or say (by word or writing)
αὐτοῖς unto him G846
αὐτοῖς unto him
Strong's: G846
Word #: 10 of 24
the reflexive pronoun self, used (alone or in the comparative g1438) of the third person, and (with the proper personal pronoun) of the other persons
Τὸ G3588
Τὸ
Strong's: G3588
Word #: 11 of 24
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
μὲν indeed G3303
μὲν indeed
Strong's: G3303
Word #: 12 of 24
properly, indicative of affirmation or concession (in fact); usually followed by a contrasted clause with g1161 (this one, the former, etc.)
ποτήριον of the cup G4221
ποτήριον of the cup
Strong's: G4221
Word #: 13 of 24
a drinking-vessel; by extension, the contents thereof, i.e., a cupful (draught); figuratively, a lot or fate
that G3739
that
Strong's: G3739
Word #: 14 of 24
the relatively (sometimes demonstrative) pronoun, who, which, what, that
ἐγὼ I G1473
ἐγὼ I
Strong's: G1473
Word #: 15 of 24
i, me
πίεσθε Ye shall G4095
πίεσθε Ye shall
Strong's: G4095
Word #: 16 of 24
to imbibe (literally or figuratively)
πίεσθε Ye shall G4095
πίεσθε Ye shall
Strong's: G4095
Word #: 17 of 24
to imbibe (literally or figuratively)
καὶ and G2532
καὶ and
Strong's: G2532
Word #: 18 of 24
and, also, even, so then, too, etc.; often used in connection (or composition) with other particles or small words
τὸ G3588
τὸ
Strong's: G3588
Word #: 19 of 24
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
βάπτισμα with the baptism G908
βάπτισμα with the baptism
Strong's: G908
Word #: 20 of 24
baptism (technically or figuratively)
that G3739
that
Strong's: G3739
Word #: 21 of 24
the relatively (sometimes demonstrative) pronoun, who, which, what, that
ἐγὼ I G1473
ἐγὼ I
Strong's: G1473
Word #: 22 of 24
i, me
βαπτισθήσεσθε am baptized withal G907
βαπτισθήσεσθε am baptized withal
Strong's: G907
Word #: 23 of 24
to immerse, submerge; to make whelmed (i.e., fully wet); used only (in the new testament) of ceremonial ablution, especially (technically) of the ordi
βαπτισθήσεσθε am baptized withal G907
βαπτισθήσεσθε am baptized withal
Strong's: G907
Word #: 24 of 24
to immerse, submerge; to make whelmed (i.e., fully wet); used only (in the new testament) of ceremonial ablution, especially (technically) of the ordi

Analysis & Commentary

Ye shall indeed drink of the cup that I drink of; and with the baptism that I am baptized withal shall ye be baptized (τὸ ποτήριον ὃ ἐγὼ πίνω πίεσθε, καὶ τὸ βάπτισμα ὃ ἐγὼ βαπτίζομαι βαπτισθήσεσθε, to potērion ho egō pinō piesthe, kai to baptisma ho egō baptizomai baptisthēsesthe). Jesus prophesies James and John will share in His sufferings, though not in the way they imagine.

The "cup" (ποτήριον, potērion) throughout Scripture symbolizes divine wrath, judgment, and suffering (Psalm 75:8; Isaiah 51:17; Jeremiah 25:15). In Gethsemane, Jesus prays, "Take away this cup from me" (Mark 14:36)—the cup of bearing sin's penalty. James and John will drink from this cup of suffering: James becomes the first apostolic martyr (Acts 12:2), beheaded by Herod Agrippa around AD 44; John suffers persecution, exile to Patmos (Revelation 1:9), and outlives all other apostles, witnessing the church's trials.

The "baptism" (βάπτισμα, baptisma) metaphorically represents being overwhelmed by suffering, submerged in affliction. Jesus uses this imagery for His crucifixion—being plunged into death. The disciples will share Christ's sufferings, experiencing persecution, rejection, and martyrdom for the gospel's sake.

Historical Context

Jesus' prediction proved accurate in apostolic history. James died approximately AD 44 (Acts 12:1-2), the first of the Twelve martyred. Early church tradition records John's suffering—exiled to Patmos during Domitian's persecution (AD 81-96), possibly surviving an execution attempt in boiling oil (though this tradition is less certain). All apostles except John died as martyrs. Jesus' prophecy prepared them for the reality that following Him means suffering, not earthly glory. The early church understood that sharing Christ's sufferings was privilege, not tragedy (Philippians 3:10; 1 Peter 4:13).

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