Luke 9:45

Authorized King James Version

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But they understood not this saying, and it was hid from them, that they perceived it not: and they feared to ask him of that saying.

Original Language Analysis

οἱ G3588
οἱ
Strong's: G3588
Word #: 1 of 23
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
δὲ But G1161
δὲ But
Strong's: G1161
Word #: 2 of 23
but, and, etc
ἠγνόουν they understood not G50
ἠγνόουν they understood not
Strong's: G50
Word #: 3 of 23
not to know (through lack of information or intelligence); by implication, to ignore (through disinclination)
τὸ G3588
τὸ
Strong's: G3588
Word #: 4 of 23
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
ῥήματος saying G4487
ῥήματος saying
Strong's: G4487
Word #: 5 of 23
an utterance (individually, collectively or specially),; by implication, a matter or topic (especially of narration, command or dispute); with a negat
τοῦτο this G5124
τοῦτο this
Strong's: G5124
Word #: 6 of 23
that thing
καὶ and G2532
καὶ and
Strong's: G2532
Word #: 7 of 23
and, also, even, so then, too, etc.; often used in connection (or composition) with other particles or small words
ἦν it was G2258
ἦν it was
Strong's: G2258
Word #: 8 of 23
i (thou, etc.) was (wast or were)
παρακεκαλυμμένον hid G3871
παρακεκαλυμμένον hid
Strong's: G3871
Word #: 9 of 23
to cover alongside, i.e., veil (figuratively)
ἀπ' from G575
ἀπ' from
Strong's: G575
Word #: 10 of 23
"off," i.e., away (from something near), in various senses (of place, time, or relation; literal or figurative)
αὐτὸν him G846
αὐτὸν him
Strong's: G846
Word #: 11 of 23
the reflexive pronoun self, used (alone or in the comparative g1438) of the third person, and (with the proper personal pronoun) of the other persons
ἵνα G2443
ἵνα
Strong's: G2443
Word #: 12 of 23
in order that (denoting the purpose or the result)
μὴ G3361
μὴ
Strong's: G3361
Word #: 13 of 23
(adverb) not, (conjunction) lest; also (as an interrogative implying a negative answer (whereas g3756 expects an affirmative one)) whether
αἴσθωνται they perceived G143
αἴσθωνται they perceived
Strong's: G143
Word #: 14 of 23
to apprehend (properly, by the senses)
αὐτὸν him G846
αὐτὸν him
Strong's: G846
Word #: 15 of 23
the reflexive pronoun self, used (alone or in the comparative g1438) of the third person, and (with the proper personal pronoun) of the other persons
καὶ and G2532
καὶ and
Strong's: G2532
Word #: 16 of 23
and, also, even, so then, too, etc.; often used in connection (or composition) with other particles or small words
ἐφοβοῦντο they feared G5399
ἐφοβοῦντο they feared
Strong's: G5399
Word #: 17 of 23
to frighten, i.e., (passively) to be alarmed; by analogy, to be in awe of, i.e., revere
ἐρωτῆσαι to ask G2065
ἐρωτῆσαι to ask
Strong's: G2065
Word #: 18 of 23
to interrogate; by implication, to request
αὐτὸν him G846
αὐτὸν him
Strong's: G846
Word #: 19 of 23
the reflexive pronoun self, used (alone or in the comparative g1438) of the third person, and (with the proper personal pronoun) of the other persons
περὶ of G4012
περὶ of
Strong's: G4012
Word #: 20 of 23
properly, through (all over), i.e., around; figuratively with respect to; used in various applications, of place, cause or time (with the genitive cas
τοῦ G3588
τοῦ
Strong's: G3588
Word #: 21 of 23
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
ῥήματος saying G4487
ῥήματος saying
Strong's: G4487
Word #: 22 of 23
an utterance (individually, collectively or specially),; by implication, a matter or topic (especially of narration, command or dispute); with a negat
τούτου that G5127
τούτου that
Strong's: G5127
Word #: 23 of 23
of (from or concerning) this (person or thing)

Analysis & Commentary

But they understood not this saying, and it was hid from them, that they perceived it not: and they feared to ask him of that saying. The disciples' incomprehension is threefold:

  1. ouk egnōsan (οὐκ ἔγνωσαν, "they understood not")—intellectual failure
  2. ēn parakekalymmenon ap' autōn (ἦν παρακεκαλυμμένον ἀπ᾿ αὐτῶν, "it was veiled from them")—divine concealment
  3. hina mē aisthōntai auto (ἵνα μὴ αἴσθωνται αὐτό, "that they might not perceive it")—purposeful hiddenness.

The passive voice "it was hid" indicates God temporarily withheld full understanding—they couldn't grasp it yet.

Additionally, they feared to ask him (ephobounto erōtēsai auton, ἐφοβοῦντο ἐρωτῆσαι αὐτόν)—they were afraid to seek clarification. This fear stemmed from Peter's earlier rebuke (Matthew 16:22-23) and Jesus' sharp response. They sensed the topic was ominous but couldn't reconcile a suffering Messiah with their kingdom expectations. This divine hiddenness was mercy—had they fully understood before Pentecost, they might have abandoned Jesus or attempted to prevent the cross. God revealed truth progressively, preparing them incrementally for the incomprehensible—Messiah must die.

Historical Context

Jewish Messianic expectation, shaped by prophecies of David's eternal throne and kingdom glory, anticipated a conquering king who would defeat Israel's enemies and establish worldwide reign. Isaiah's Suffering Servant passages (Isaiah 53) were typically not applied to Messiah but to Israel corporately or the prophets. The idea that Messiah would be 'delivered into the hands of men' and killed was scandalous and incomprehensible. Even after the resurrection, disciples asked, 'Lord, wilt thou at this time restore again the kingdom to Israel?' (Acts 1:6). Only after Pentecost did the Spirit illuminate Scripture, showing Messiah must suffer before glory (Luke 24:25-27, 44-47). The disciples' confusion was not stupidity but theological paradigm clash.

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