Luke 4:32

Authorized King James Version

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And they were astonished at his doctrine: for his word was with power.

Original Language Analysis

καὶ And G2532
καὶ And
Strong's: G2532
Word #: 1 of 13
and, also, even, so then, too, etc.; often used in connection (or composition) with other particles or small words
ἐξεπλήσσοντο they were astonished G1605
ἐξεπλήσσοντο they were astonished
Strong's: G1605
Word #: 2 of 13
to strike with astonishment
ἐπὶ at G1909
ἐπὶ at
Strong's: G1909
Word #: 3 of 13
properly, meaning superimposition (of time, place, order, etc.), as a relation of distribution (with the genitive case), i.e., over, upon, etc.; of re
τῇ G3588
τῇ
Strong's: G3588
Word #: 4 of 13
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
διδαχῇ doctrine G1322
διδαχῇ doctrine
Strong's: G1322
Word #: 5 of 13
instruction (the act or the matter)
αὐτοῦ his G846
αὐτοῦ his
Strong's: G846
Word #: 6 of 13
the reflexive pronoun self, used (alone or in the comparative g1438) of the third person, and (with the proper personal pronoun) of the other persons
ὅτι for G3754
ὅτι for
Strong's: G3754
Word #: 7 of 13
demonstrative, that (sometimes redundant); causative, because
ἐν with G1722
ἐν with
Strong's: G1722
Word #: 8 of 13
"in," at, (up-)on, by, etc
ἐξουσίᾳ power G1849
ἐξουσίᾳ power
Strong's: G1849
Word #: 9 of 13
privilege, i.e., (subjectively) force, capacity, competency, freedom, or (objectively) mastery (concretely, magistrate, superhuman, potentate, token o
ἦν was G2258
ἦν was
Strong's: G2258
Word #: 10 of 13
i (thou, etc.) was (wast or were)
G3588
Strong's: G3588
Word #: 11 of 13
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
λόγος word G3056
λόγος word
Strong's: G3056
Word #: 12 of 13
something said (including the thought); by implication, a topic (subject of discourse), also reasoning (the mental faculty) or motive; by extension, a
αὐτοῦ his G846
αὐτοῦ his
Strong's: G846
Word #: 13 of 13
the reflexive pronoun self, used (alone or in the comparative g1438) of the third person, and (with the proper personal pronoun) of the other persons

Analysis & Commentary

In Capernaum synagogue, people 'were astonished at his doctrine: for his word was with power.' The Greek 'exousia' (ἐξουσία, authority/power) describes Jesus' teaching quality—not merely persuasive or learned, but authoritative and powerful. Unlike scribes who cited previous rabbis, Jesus spoke with inherent authority ('You have heard...but I say,' Matthew 5). His words carried weight, demanding response. This authoritative teaching distinguished Him from other teachers and validated His claims. Words spoken with divine authority accomplish what they declare.

Historical Context

Rabbinic teaching followed established patterns—citing previous rabbis, building arguments through reference to tradition and interpretation. Scribes gained authority through formal training and association with recognized teachers. Jesus' teaching was revolutionary—He spoke with direct authority, interpreting Scripture definitively without citing human authorities. His teaching authority derived from His divine identity—God's Word incarnate speaks God's word with inherent authority. This pattern continued throughout His ministry, amazing crowds and infuriating religious leaders whose authority He implicitly challenged.

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