Luke 13:4

Authorized King James Version

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Or those eighteen, upon whom the tower in Siloam fell, and slew them, think ye that they were sinners above all men that dwelt in Jerusalem?

Original Language Analysis

Or G2228
Or
Strong's: G2228
Word #: 1 of 29
disjunctive, or; comparative, than
ἐκεῖνοι those G1565
ἐκεῖνοι those
Strong's: G1565
Word #: 2 of 29
that one (or (neuter) thing); often intensified by the article prefixed
οἱ G3588
οἱ
Strong's: G3588
Word #: 3 of 29
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
δεκα eighteen G1176
δεκα eighteen
Strong's: G1176
Word #: 4 of 29
ten
καὶ and G2532
καὶ and
Strong's: G2532
Word #: 5 of 29
and, also, even, so then, too, etc.; often used in connection (or composition) with other particles or small words
οκτὼ, G3638
οκτὼ,
Strong's: G3638
Word #: 6 of 29
"eight"
ἐφ' upon G1909
ἐφ' upon
Strong's: G1909
Word #: 7 of 29
properly, meaning superimposition (of time, place, order, etc.), as a relation of distribution (with the genitive case), i.e., over, upon, etc.; of re
οὓς whom G3739
οὓς whom
Strong's: G3739
Word #: 8 of 29
the relatively (sometimes demonstrative) pronoun, who, which, what, that
ἔπεσεν fell G4098
ἔπεσεν fell
Strong's: G4098
Word #: 9 of 29
to fall (literally or figuratively)
G3588
Strong's: G3588
Word #: 10 of 29
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
πύργος the tower G4444
πύργος the tower
Strong's: G4444
Word #: 11 of 29
a tower or castle
ἐν in G1722
ἐν in
Strong's: G1722
Word #: 12 of 29
"in," at, (up-)on, by, etc
τῷ G3588
τῷ
Strong's: G3588
Word #: 13 of 29
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
Σιλωὰμ Siloam G4611
Σιλωὰμ Siloam
Strong's: G4611
Word #: 14 of 29
siloam (i.e., shiloach), a pool of jerusalem
καὶ and G2532
καὶ and
Strong's: G2532
Word #: 15 of 29
and, also, even, so then, too, etc.; often used in connection (or composition) with other particles or small words
ἀπέκτεινεν slew G615
ἀπέκτεινεν slew
Strong's: G615
Word #: 16 of 29
to kill outright; figuratively, to destroy
αὐτούς them G846
αὐτούς them
Strong's: G846
Word #: 17 of 29
the reflexive pronoun self, used (alone or in the comparative g1438) of the third person, and (with the proper personal pronoun) of the other persons
δοκεῖτε think ye G1380
δοκεῖτε think ye
Strong's: G1380
Word #: 18 of 29
compare the base of g1166) of the same meaning; to think; by implication, to seem (truthfully or uncertainly)
ὅτι that G3754
ὅτι that
Strong's: G3754
Word #: 19 of 29
demonstrative, that (sometimes redundant); causative, because
οὐτοὶ they G3778
οὐτοὶ they
Strong's: G3778
Word #: 20 of 29
the he (she or it), i.e., this or that (often with article repeated)
ὀφειλέται sinners G3781
ὀφειλέται sinners
Strong's: G3781
Word #: 21 of 29
an ower, i.e., person indebted; figuratively, a delinquent; morally, a transgressor (against god)
ἐγένοντο were G1096
ἐγένοντο were
Strong's: G1096
Word #: 22 of 29
to cause to be ("gen"-erate), i.e., (reflexively) to become (come into being), used with great latitude (literal, figurative, intensive, etc.)
παρὰ above G3844
παρὰ above
Strong's: G3844
Word #: 23 of 29
properly, near; i.e., (with genitive case) from beside (literally or figuratively), (with dative case) at (or in) the vicinity of (objectively or subj
πάντας all G3956
πάντας all
Strong's: G3956
Word #: 24 of 29
all, any, every, the whole
ἀνθρώπους men G444
ἀνθρώπους men
Strong's: G444
Word #: 25 of 29
man-faced, i.e., a human being
τοὺς G3588
τοὺς
Strong's: G3588
Word #: 26 of 29
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
κατοικοῦντας that dwelt G2730
κατοικοῦντας that dwelt
Strong's: G2730
Word #: 27 of 29
to house permanently, i.e., reside (literally or figuratively)
ἐν in G1722
ἐν in
Strong's: G1722
Word #: 28 of 29
"in," at, (up-)on, by, etc
Ἰερουσαλήμ Jerusalem G2419
Ἰερουσαλήμ Jerusalem
Strong's: G2419
Word #: 29 of 29
hierusalem (i.e., jerushalem), the capitol of palestine

Analysis & Commentary

Jesus cites a second tragedy: 'Or those eighteen, upon whom the tower in Siloam fell, and slew them, think ye that they were sinners above all men that dwelt in Jerusalem?' The number 'eighteen' suggests Jesus refers to a specific, known incident. The 'tower in Siloam' was likely part of Jerusalem's fortifications or water system near the Pool of Siloam. This disaster was accidental (unlike Pilate's deliberate violence), yet people still interpreted it as divine judgment on particularly wicked individuals. Jesus again challenges this theology—the victims were not 'sinners above all men.' The term 'debtors' is interesting—sin creates debt to God that only Christ's payment can satisfy.

Historical Context

The Pool of Siloam, in Jerusalem's lower city, was crucial for water supply and had religious significance (John 9:7). Towers along Jerusalem's walls provided defense and surveillance. That such a structure collapsed, killing eighteen people, would have caused public discussion about divine judgment. In ancient thought, both Jews and pagans interpreted accidents and natural disasters as expressions of divine displeasure. Jesus' teaching was revolutionary—He denies that suffering always indicates personal guilt while affirming that all humanity deserves judgment and needs repentance.

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