Leviticus 21:10

Authorized King James Version

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And he that is the high priest among his brethren, upon whose head the anointing oil was poured, and that is consecrated to put on the garments, shall not uncover his head, nor rend his clothes;

Original Language Analysis

וְהַכֹּהֵן֩ priest H3548
וְהַכֹּהֵן֩ priest
Strong's: H3548
Word #: 1 of 22
literally one officiating, a priest; also (by courtesy) an acting priest (although a layman)
הַגָּד֨וֹל And he that is the high H1419
הַגָּד֨וֹל And he that is the high
Strong's: H1419
Word #: 2 of 22
great (in any sense); hence, older; also insolent
מֵֽאֶחָ֜יו among his brethren H251
מֵֽאֶחָ֜יו among his brethren
Strong's: H251
Word #: 3 of 22
a brother (used in the widest sense of literal relationship and metaphorical affinity or resemblance [like h0001])
אֲשֶׁר H834
אֲשֶׁר
Strong's: H834
Word #: 4 of 22
who, which, what, that; also (as an adverb and a conjunction) when, where, how, because, in order that, etc
יוּצַ֥ק was poured H3332
יוּצַ֥ק was poured
Strong's: H3332
Word #: 5 of 22
properly, to pour out (transitive or intransitive); by implication, to melt or cast as metal; by extension, to place firmly, to stiffen or grow hard
עַל H5921
עַל
Strong's: H5921
Word #: 6 of 22
above, over, upon, or against (yet always in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great variety of applications
רֹאשׁוֹ֙ his head H7218
רֹאשׁוֹ֙ his head
Strong's: H7218
Word #: 7 of 22
the head (as most easily shaken), whether literal or figurative (in many applications, of place, time, rank, itc.)
שֶׁ֤מֶן oil H8081
שֶׁ֤מֶן oil
Strong's: H8081
Word #: 8 of 22
grease, especially liquid (as from the olive, often perfumed); figuratively, richness
הַמִּשְׁחָה֙ the anointing H4888
הַמִּשְׁחָה֙ the anointing
Strong's: H4888
Word #: 9 of 22
unction (the act); by implication, a consecratory gift
וּמִלֵּ֣א and that is consecrated H4390
וּמִלֵּ֣א and that is consecrated
Strong's: H4390
Word #: 10 of 22
to fill or (intransitively) be full of, in a wide application (literally and figuratively)
אֶת H853
אֶת
Strong's: H853
Word #: 11 of 22
properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)
יָד֔וֹ H3027
יָד֔וֹ
Strong's: H3027
Word #: 12 of 22
a hand (the open one [indicating power, means, direction, etc.], in distinction from h3709, the closed one); used (as noun, adverb, etc.) in a great v
לִלְבֹּ֖שׁ to put H3847
לִלְבֹּ֖שׁ to put
Strong's: H3847
Word #: 13 of 22
properly, wrap around, i.e., (by implication) to put on a garment or clothe (oneself, or another), literally or figuratively
אֶת H853
אֶת
Strong's: H853
Word #: 14 of 22
properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)
וּבְגָדָ֖יו his clothes H899
וּבְגָדָ֖יו his clothes
Strong's: H899
Word #: 15 of 22
a covering, i.e., clothing
אֶת H853
אֶת
Strong's: H853
Word #: 16 of 22
properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)
רֹאשׁוֹ֙ his head H7218
רֹאשׁוֹ֙ his head
Strong's: H7218
Word #: 17 of 22
the head (as most easily shaken), whether literal or figurative (in many applications, of place, time, rank, itc.)
לֹ֣א H3808
לֹ֣א
Strong's: H3808
Word #: 18 of 22
not (the simple or abs. negation); by implication, no; often used with other particles
יִפְרָ֔ע shall not uncover H6544
יִפְרָ֔ע shall not uncover
Strong's: H6544
Word #: 19 of 22
to loosen; by implication, to expose, dismiss; figuratively, absolve, begin
וּבְגָדָ֖יו his clothes H899
וּבְגָדָ֖יו his clothes
Strong's: H899
Word #: 20 of 22
a covering, i.e., clothing
לֹ֥א H3808
לֹ֥א
Strong's: H3808
Word #: 21 of 22
not (the simple or abs. negation); by implication, no; often used with other particles
יִפְרֹֽם׃ nor rend H6533
יִפְרֹֽם׃ nor rend
Strong's: H6533
Word #: 22 of 22
to tear

Analysis & Commentary

And he that is the high priest among his brethren, upon whose head the anointing oil was poured, and that is consecrated to put on the garments, shall not uncover his head, nor rend his clothes;

This verse falls within the section on Priestly Holiness. Higher standards for priests due to their sacred role, including restrictions on mourning practices and marriage.

The central theme of Leviticus is God's holiness and the call for His people to be holy. The Hebrew word qadosh (קָדוֹשׁ) means 'set apart' or 'sacred,' emphasizing both separation from sin and consecration to God's purposes. The Aaronic priesthood mediated between God and Israel, offering sacrifices and maintaining the tabernacle. This prefigured Christ's superior priesthood after the order of Melchizedek.
The New Testament reveals that Christ's sacrifice accomplishes what the Levitical system could only symbolize—complete forgiveness and restoration of relationship with God.

Historical Context

Higher standards for priests due to their sacred role, including restrictions on mourning practices and marriage. Chapters 17-27, often called the 'Holiness Code,' expand covenant obligations beyond ritual to encompass all of life—sexuality, economics, justice, and relationships. The repeated refrain 'I am the LORD' grounds these laws in God's character and covenant relationship with Israel. Israel received these laws while encamped at Sinai, before entering Canaan. The laws prepared them for life in the promised land, distinguishing them from Canaanite practices and establishing their identity as God's holy nation. The portable tabernacle, central to Levitical worship, accompanied them through wilderness wanderings and eventually found permanent form in Solomon's temple. The tabernacle's design parallels ancient Near Eastern temple architecture, yet its portable nature and absence of divine images distinguished it from pagan temples.

Questions for Reflection

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