Lamentations 4:8

Authorized King James Version

Their visage is blacker than a coal; they are not known in the streets: their skin cleaveth to their bones; it is withered, it is become like a stick.

Word-by-Word Analysis
#1
חָשַׁ֤ךְ
is blacker
to be dark (as withholding light); transitively, to darken
#2
מִשְּׁחוֹר֙
than a coal
dinginess, i.e., perhaps soot
#3
תָּֽאֳרָ֔ם
Their visage
outline, i.e., figure or appearance
#4
לֹ֥א
not (the simple or abs. negation); by implication, no; often used with other particles
#5
נִכְּר֖וּ
they are not known
properly, to scrutinize, i.e., look intently at; hence (with recognition implied), to acknowledge, be acquainted with, care for, respect, revere, or (
#6
בַּחוּצ֑וֹת
in the streets
properly, separate by a wall, i.e., outside, outdoors
#7
צָפַ֤ד
cleaveth
to adhere
#8
עוֹרָם֙
their skin
skin (as naked); by implication, hide, leather
#9
עַל
above, over, upon, or against (yet always in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great variety of applications
#10
עַצְמָ֔ם
to their bones
a bone (as strong); by extension, the body; figuratively, the substance, i.e., (as pron.) selfsame
#11
יָבֵ֖שׁ
it is withered
to be ashamed, confused or disappointed; also (as failing) to dry up (as water) or wither (as herbage)
#12
הָיָ֥ה
to exist, i.e., be or become, come to pass (always emphatic, and not a mere copula or auxiliary)
#13
כָעֵֽץ׃
it is become like a stick
a tree (from its firmness); hence, wood (plural sticks)

Analysis

Within the broader context of Lamentations, this passage highlights salvation through simile or metaphorical language. The theological weight of divine revelation connects to fundamental Christian doctrine about divine revelation, contributing to our understanding of God's nature and relationship with humanity. This verse contributes to the book's overall argument by building upon previous themes while advancing the overall message of Lamentations.

Historical Context

The historical context of the biblical period relevant to this book's composition provides crucial background for understanding this verse. The historical and cultural milieu of the biblical world informed the author's theological expression and the audience's understanding. The the cultural context of the biblical world would have shaped how the original audience understood divine revelation. Archaeological and historical evidence reveals Archaeological discoveries continue to illuminate the historical context of biblical texts.

Questions for Reflection