Joshua 10:33

Authorized King James Version

Then Horam king of Gezer came up to help Lachish; and Joshua smote him and his people, until he had left him none remaining.

Word-by-Word Analysis
#1
אָ֣ז
at that time or place; also as a conjunction, therefore
#2
עָלָ֗ה
came up
to ascend, intransitively (be high) or actively (mount); used in a great variety of senses, primary and secondary, literal and figurative
#3
הֹרָם֙
Then Horam
horam, a canaanitish king
#4
מֶ֣לֶךְ
king
a king
#5
גֶּ֔זֶר
of Gezer
gezer, a place in palestine
#6
לַעְזֹ֖ר
to help
to surround, i.e., protect or aid
#7
אֶת
properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)
#8
לָכִ֑ישׁ
Lachish
lakish, a place in palestine
#9
וַיַּכֵּ֤הוּ
smote
to strike (lightly or severely, literally or figuratively)
#10
יְהוֹשֻׁ֙עַ֙
and Joshua
jehoshua (i.e., joshua), the jewish leader
#11
וְאֶת
properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)
#12
עַמּ֔וֹ
him and his people
a people (as a congregated unit); specifically, a tribe (as those of israel); hence (collectively) troops or attendants; figuratively, a flock
#13
עַד
as far (or long, or much) as, whether of space (even unto) or time (during, while, until) or degree (equally with)
#14
בִּלְתִּ֥י
properly, a failure of, i.e., (used only as a negative particle, usually with a prepositional prefix) not, except, without, unless, besides, because n
#15
הִשְׁאִֽיר
until he had left
properly, to swell up, i.e., be (causatively, make) redundant
#16
ל֖וֹ
H0
#17
שָׂרִֽיד׃
him none remaining
a survivor

Analysis

The salvation theme here intersects with the metanarrative of redemption running from Genesis to Revelation. Biblical theology recognizes this as part of a unified storyline from the promise in Genesis 3:15 to its fulfillment in Christ. The phrase emphasizing covenant community contributes to our systematic understanding of Christian doctrine and connects to the broader scriptural witness about God's saving work from the Exodus to the cross.

Historical Context

The historical context of the biblical period relevant to this book's composition provides crucial background for understanding this verse. The historical and cultural milieu of the biblical world informed the author's theological expression and the audience's understanding. The the cultural context of the biblical world would have shaped how the original audience understood covenant community. Archaeological and historical evidence reveals Archaeological discoveries continue to illuminate the historical context of biblical texts.

Questions for Reflection

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