John 8:10

Authorized King James Version

When Jesus had lifted up himself, and saw none but the woman, he said unto her, Woman, where are those thine accusers? hath no man condemned thee?

Word-by-Word Analysis
#1
ἀνακύψας
had lifted up himself
to unbend, i.e., rise; figuratively, be elated
#2
δὲ
When
but, and, etc
#3
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
#4
Ἰησοῦς
Jesus
jesus (i.e., jehoshua), the name of our lord and two (three) other israelites
#5
καὶ
and
and, also, even, so then, too, etc.; often used in connection (or composition) with other particles or small words
#6
μηδένα
none
not even one (man, woman, thing)
#7
θεασάμενος
saw
to look closely at, i.e., (by implication) perceive (literally or figuratively); by extension to visit
#8
πλὴν
but
moreover (besides), i.e., albeit, save that, rather, yet
#9
τὴς
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
#10
γυνή
Woman
a woman; specially, a wife
#11
εἶπεν
he said
to speak or say (by word or writing)
#12
αὐτῇ
unto her
the reflexive pronoun self, used (alone or in the comparative g1438) of the third person, and (with the proper personal pronoun) of the other persons
#13
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
#14
γυνή
Woman
a woman; specially, a wife
#15
ποῦ
where
as adverb of place; at (by implication, to) what locality
#16
εἰσιν
are
they are
#17
ἐκεῖνοι
those
that one (or (neuter) thing); often intensified by the article prefixed
#18
οἱ
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
#19
κατήγοροί
accusers
against one in the assembly, i.e., a complainant at law; specially, satan
#20
σου
thine
of thee, thy
#21
οὐδείς
no man
not even one (man, woman or thing), i.e., none, nobody, nothing
#22
σε
thee
thee
#23
κατέκρινεν
condemned
to judge against, i.e., sentence

Analysis

The divine love theme here intersects with God's covenantal faithfulness demonstrated throughout salvation history. Biblical theology recognizes this as part of progressive revelation from covenant love in the Old Testament to agape love in the New. The phrase emphasizing divine revelation contributes to our systematic understanding of Christian doctrine and connects to the broader scriptural witness about hesed in the Old Testament and agape in the New Testament.

Historical Context

The historical context of the late first century during increasing tension between synagogue and church provides crucial background for understanding this verse. The historical and cultural milieu of the biblical world informed the author's theological expression and the audience's understanding. The late first-century Jewish-Christian tensions and Hellenistic thought would have shaped how the original audience understood divine revelation. Archaeological and historical evidence reveals Archaeological discoveries continue to illuminate the historical context of biblical texts.

Questions for Reflection

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