John 6:42

Authorized King James Version

And they said, Is not this Jesus, the son of Joseph, whose father and mother we know? how is it then that he saith, I came down from heaven?

Word-by-Word Analysis
#1
καὶ
And
and, also, even, so then, too, etc.; often used in connection (or composition) with other particles or small words
#2
λέγει
saith
properly, to "lay" forth, i.e., (figuratively) relate (in words (usually of systematic or set discourse; whereas g2036 and g5346 generally refer to an
#3
Οὐχ
not
the absolute negative (compare g3361) adverb; no or not
#4
οὗτός
that he
the he (she or it), i.e., this or that (often with article repeated)
#5
ἐστιν
Is
he (she or it) is; also (with neuter plural) they are
#6
Ἰησοῦς
Jesus
jesus (i.e., jehoshua), the name of our lord and two (three) other israelites
#7
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
#8
υἱὸς
the son
a "son" (sometimes of animals), used very widely of immediate, remote or figuratively, kinship
#9
Ἰωσήφ
of Joseph
joseph, the name of seven israelites
#10
οὗ
whose
the relatively (sometimes demonstrative) pronoun, who, which, what, that
#11
ἡμεῖς
we
we (only used when emphatic)
#12
οἴδαμεν
know
used only in certain past tenses, the others being borrowed from the equivalent g3700 and g3708; properly, to see (literally or figuratively); by impl
#13
τὸν
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
#14
πατέρα
father
a "father" (literally or figuratively, near or more remote)
#15
καὶ
And
and, also, even, so then, too, etc.; often used in connection (or composition) with other particles or small words
#16
τὴν
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
#17
μητέρα
mother
a "mother" (literally or figuratively, immediate or remote)
#18
πῶς
how is it
an interrogative particle of manner; in what way? (sometimes the question is indirect, how?); also as exclamation, how much!
#19
οὖν
then
(adverbially) certainly, or (conjunctionally) accordingly
#20
λέγει
saith
properly, to "lay" forth, i.e., (figuratively) relate (in words (usually of systematic or set discourse; whereas g2036 and g5346 generally refer to an
#21
οὗτός
that he
the he (she or it), i.e., this or that (often with article repeated)
#22
ὅτι
demonstrative, that (sometimes redundant); causative, because
#23
Ἐκ
from
a primary preposition denoting origin (the point whence action or motion proceeds), from, out (of place, time, or cause literal or figurative; direct
#24
τοῦ
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
#25
οὐρανοῦ
heaven
the sky; by extension, heaven (as the abode of god); by implication, happiness, power, eternity; specially, the gospel (christianity)
#26
καταβέβηκα
I came down
to descend (literally or figuratively)

Analysis

The divine love theme here intersects with God's covenantal faithfulness demonstrated throughout salvation history. Biblical theology recognizes this as part of progressive revelation from covenant love in the Old Testament to agape love in the New. The phrase emphasizing divine revelation contributes to our systematic understanding of Christian doctrine and connects to the broader scriptural witness about hesed in the Old Testament and agape in the New Testament.

Historical Context

This passage must be understood within the political and social structures of the biblical period. The author writes to address believers seeking to understand God's will and purposes, making the emphasis on divine love particularly relevant. Historical documents from this period show cultural practices and social structures that would have been familiar to the original readers, illuminating the verse's original impact.

Questions for Reflection

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