John 18:17

Authorized King James Version

Then saith the damsel that kept the door unto Peter, Art not thou also one of this man's disciples? He saith, I am not.

Word-by-Word Analysis
#1
λέγει
saith
properly, to "lay" forth, i.e., (figuratively) relate (in words (usually of systematic or set discourse; whereas g2036 and g5346 generally refer to an
#2
οὖν
Then
(adverbially) certainly, or (conjunctionally) accordingly
#3
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
#4
παιδίσκη
the damsel
a girl, i.e., (specially), a female slave or servant
#5
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
#6
θυρωρός
that kept the door
a gate- warden
#7
τῷ
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
#8
Πέτρῳ
unto Peter
a (piece of) rock (larger than g3037); as a name, petrus, an apostle
#9
Μὴ
not
(adverb) not, (conjunction) lest; also (as an interrogative implying a negative answer (whereas g3756 expects an affirmative one)) whether
#10
καὶ
also
and, also, even, so then, too, etc.; often used in connection (or composition) with other particles or small words
#11
σὺ
thou
thou
#12
ἐκ
one of
a primary preposition denoting origin (the point whence action or motion proceeds), from, out (of place, time, or cause literal or figurative; direct
#13
τῶν
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
#14
μαθητῶν
disciples
a learner, i.e., pupil
#15
εἶ
Art
thou art
#16
τοῦ
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
#17
ἀνθρώπου
man's
man-faced, i.e., a human being
#18
τούτου
this
of (from or concerning) this (person or thing)
#19
λέγει
saith
properly, to "lay" forth, i.e., (figuratively) relate (in words (usually of systematic or set discourse; whereas g2036 and g5346 generally refer to an
#20
ἐκεῖνος
He
that one (or (neuter) thing); often intensified by the article prefixed
#21
Οὐκ
not
the absolute negative (compare g3361) adverb; no or not
#22
εἰμί
I am
i exist (used only when emphatic)

Analysis

The divine love theme here intersects with God's covenantal faithfulness demonstrated throughout salvation history. Biblical theology recognizes this as part of progressive revelation from covenant love in the Old Testament to agape love in the New. The phrase emphasizing divine revelation contributes to our systematic understanding of Christian doctrine and connects to the broader scriptural witness about hesed in the Old Testament and agape in the New Testament.

Historical Context

This passage must be understood within the political and social structures of the biblical period. The author writes to address believers seeking to understand God's will and purposes, making the emphasis on divine love particularly relevant. Historical documents from this period show cultural practices and social structures that would have been familiar to the original readers, illuminating the verse's original impact.

Questions for Reflection

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