John 18:16

Authorized King James Version

But Peter stood at the door without. Then went out that other disciple, which was known unto the high priest, and spake unto her that kept the door, and brought in Peter.

Word-by-Word Analysis
#1
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
#2
δὲ
But
but, and, etc
#3
Πέτρον
Peter
a (piece of) rock (larger than g3037); as a name, petrus, an apostle
#4
εἱστήκει
stood
to stand (transitively or intransitively), used in various applications (literally or figuratively)
#5
πρὸς
at
a preposition of direction; forward to, i.e., toward (with the genitive case, the side of, i.e., pertaining to; with the dative case, by the side of,
#6
τῇ
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
#7
θύρᾳ
the door
a portal or entrance (the opening or the closure, literally or figuratively)
#8
ἔξω
without
out(-side) (of doors), literally or figuratively
#9
ἐξῆλθεν
went out
to issue (literally or figuratively)
#10
οὖν
Then
(adverbially) certainly, or (conjunctionally) accordingly
#11
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
#12
μαθητὴς
disciple
a learner, i.e., pupil
#13
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
#14
ἄλλος
that other
"else," i.e., different (in many applications)
#15
ὅς
which
the relatively (sometimes demonstrative) pronoun, who, which, what, that
#16
ἦν
was
i (thou, etc.) was (wast or were)
#17
γνωστὸς
known
well-known
#18
τῷ
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
#19
ἀρχιερεῖ,
unto the high priest
the high-priest (literally, of the jews; typically, christ); by extension a chief priest
#20
καὶ
and
and, also, even, so then, too, etc.; often used in connection (or composition) with other particles or small words
#21
εἶπεν
spake
to speak or say (by word or writing)
#22
τῇ
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
#23
θυρωρῷ
unto her that kept the door
a gate- warden
#24
καὶ
and
and, also, even, so then, too, etc.; often used in connection (or composition) with other particles or small words
#25
εἰσήγαγεν
brought in
to introduce (literally or figuratively)
#26
τὸν
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
#27
Πέτρον
Peter
a (piece of) rock (larger than g3037); as a name, petrus, an apostle

Analysis

This verse develops the divine love theme central to John. The concept of divine revelation reflects the essential nature of God revealed through Christ. The literary structure and word choice here contribute to theological biography emphasizing Jesus' divine identity, advancing the author's theological argument. The original language emphasizes careful word choice that would have carried specific theological weight for the original audience, providing deeper understanding of the author's theological intention.

Historical Context

The historical context of the late first century during increasing tension between synagogue and church provides crucial background for understanding this verse. The historical and cultural milieu of the biblical world informed the author's theological expression and the audience's understanding. The late first-century Jewish-Christian tensions and Hellenistic thought would have shaped how the original audience understood divine revelation. Archaeological and historical evidence reveals Archaeological discoveries continue to illuminate the historical context of biblical texts.

Questions for Reflection

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