John 18:16

Authorized King James Version

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But Peter stood at the door without. Then went out that other disciple, which was known unto the high priest, and spake unto her that kept the door, and brought in Peter.

Original Language Analysis

G3588
Strong's: G3588
Word #: 1 of 27
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
δὲ But G1161
δὲ But
Strong's: G1161
Word #: 2 of 27
but, and, etc
Πέτρον Peter G4074
Πέτρον Peter
Strong's: G4074
Word #: 3 of 27
a (piece of) rock (larger than g3037); as a name, petrus, an apostle
εἱστήκει stood G2476
εἱστήκει stood
Strong's: G2476
Word #: 4 of 27
to stand (transitively or intransitively), used in various applications (literally or figuratively)
πρὸς at G4314
πρὸς at
Strong's: G4314
Word #: 5 of 27
a preposition of direction; forward to, i.e., toward (with the genitive case, the side of, i.e., pertaining to; with the dative case, by the side of,
τῇ G3588
τῇ
Strong's: G3588
Word #: 6 of 27
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
θύρᾳ the door G2374
θύρᾳ the door
Strong's: G2374
Word #: 7 of 27
a portal or entrance (the opening or the closure, literally or figuratively)
ἔξω without G1854
ἔξω without
Strong's: G1854
Word #: 8 of 27
out(-side) (of doors), literally or figuratively
ἐξῆλθεν went out G1831
ἐξῆλθεν went out
Strong's: G1831
Word #: 9 of 27
to issue (literally or figuratively)
οὖν Then G3767
οὖν Then
Strong's: G3767
Word #: 10 of 27
(adverbially) certainly, or (conjunctionally) accordingly
G3588
Strong's: G3588
Word #: 11 of 27
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
μαθητὴς disciple G3101
μαθητὴς disciple
Strong's: G3101
Word #: 12 of 27
a learner, i.e., pupil
G3588
Strong's: G3588
Word #: 13 of 27
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
ἄλλος that other G243
ἄλλος that other
Strong's: G243
Word #: 14 of 27
"else," i.e., different (in many applications)
ὅς which G3739
ὅς which
Strong's: G3739
Word #: 15 of 27
the relatively (sometimes demonstrative) pronoun, who, which, what, that
ἦν was G2258
ἦν was
Strong's: G2258
Word #: 16 of 27
i (thou, etc.) was (wast or were)
γνωστὸς known G1110
γνωστὸς known
Strong's: G1110
Word #: 17 of 27
well-known
τῷ G3588
τῷ
Strong's: G3588
Word #: 18 of 27
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
ἀρχιερεῖ, unto the high priest G749
ἀρχιερεῖ, unto the high priest
Strong's: G749
Word #: 19 of 27
the high-priest (literally, of the jews; typically, christ); by extension a chief priest
καὶ and G2532
καὶ and
Strong's: G2532
Word #: 20 of 27
and, also, even, so then, too, etc.; often used in connection (or composition) with other particles or small words
εἶπεν spake G2036
εἶπεν spake
Strong's: G2036
Word #: 21 of 27
to speak or say (by word or writing)
τῇ G3588
τῇ
Strong's: G3588
Word #: 22 of 27
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
θυρωρῷ unto her that kept the door G2377
θυρωρῷ unto her that kept the door
Strong's: G2377
Word #: 23 of 27
a gate- warden
καὶ and G2532
καὶ and
Strong's: G2532
Word #: 24 of 27
and, also, even, so then, too, etc.; often used in connection (or composition) with other particles or small words
εἰσήγαγεν brought in G1521
εἰσήγαγεν brought in
Strong's: G1521
Word #: 25 of 27
to introduce (literally or figuratively)
τὸν G3588
τὸν
Strong's: G3588
Word #: 26 of 27
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
Πέτρον Peter G4074
Πέτρον Peter
Strong's: G4074
Word #: 27 of 27
a (piece of) rock (larger than g3037); as a name, petrus, an apostle

Analysis & Commentary

"But Peter stood at the door without" (ὁ δὲ Πέτρος εἱστήκει πρὸς τῇ θύρᾳ ἔξω/ho de Petros heistēkei pros tē thyra exō)—while John entered with Jesus, Peter remained outside at the θύρα (thyra, "door, gate"). The perfect tense εἱστήκει (heistēkei, "was standing") emphasizes his stationary position, unable to enter. The adverb ἔξω (exō, "outside, without") will become significant—Peter's physical position outside the courtyard symbolizes his impending spiritual distancing through denial.

"Then went out that other disciple...and spake unto her that kept the door, and brought in Peter" (ἐξῆλθεν οὖν ὁ μαθητὴς ὁ ἄλλος...καὶ εἶπεν τῇ θυρωρῷ, καὶ εἰσήγαγεν τὸν Πέτρον/exēlthen oun ho mathētēs ho allos...kai eipen tē thyrōrō, kai eisēgagen ton Petron)—John's action is charitable, using his connections to bring Peter inside. The θυρωρός (thyrōros, "doorkeeper") was typically a slave or servant, here specifically feminine.

The verb εἰσάγω (eisagō, "brought in, led in") shows John facilitating Peter's entry through personal intervention. This seemingly kind act ironically leads to Peter's downfall—the very doorkeeper who admits him will trigger his first denial (v.17). Sometimes gaining access to situations beyond our spiritual readiness places us in greater danger. Peter's boldness in the garden (v.10) evaporates in the courtyard.

Historical Context

Doorkeepers in large households wielded significant power despite low social status, controlling access and identifying visitors. A female doorkeeper was common, as this was considered suitable work for slave women. Her later challenge to Peter (v.17) wasn't official interrogation but casual conversation—yet it undid Peter more effectively than Roman swords. John's connections to the high priestly household, while providing valuable eyewitness access, also placed both disciples in morally compromised territory. They were now inside the very power structure executing their Lord, surrounded by His enemies.

Questions for Reflection

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