John 18:1

Authorized King James Version

When Jesus had spoken these words, he went forth with his disciples over the brook Cedron, where was a garden, into the which he entered, and his disciples.

Word-by-Word Analysis
#1
Ταῦτα
these words
these things
#2
εἰπὼν
had spoken
to speak or say (by word or writing)
#3
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
#4
Ἰησοῦς
When Jesus
jesus (i.e., jehoshua), the name of our lord and two (three) other israelites
#5
ἐξῆλθεν
he went forth
to issue (literally or figuratively)
#6
σὺν
with
with or together (but much closer than g3326 or g3844), i.e., by association, companionship, process, resemblance, possession, instrumentality, additi
#7
τοῖς
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
#8
μαθηταὶ
disciples
a learner, i.e., pupil
#9
αὐτοῦ
he
the reflexive pronoun self, used (alone or in the comparative g1438) of the third person, and (with the proper personal pronoun) of the other persons
#10
πέραν
over
through (as adverb or preposition), i.e., across
#11
τοῦ
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
#12
χειμάῤῥου
the brook
a storm-runlet, i.e., winter-torrent
#13
τῶν
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
#14
Κεδρὼν
Cedron
cedron (i.e., kidron), a brook near jerusalem
#15
ὅπου
where
what(-ever) where, i.e., at whichever spot
#16
ἦν
was
i (thou, etc.) was (wast or were)
#17
κῆπος
a garden
a garden
#18
εἰς
into
to or into (indicating the point reached or entered), of place, time, or (figuratively) purpose (result, etc.); also in adverbial phrases
#19
ὃν
the which
the relatively (sometimes demonstrative) pronoun, who, which, what, that
#20
εἰσῆλθεν
entered
to enter (literally or figuratively)
#21
αὐτοῦ
he
the reflexive pronoun self, used (alone or in the comparative g1438) of the third person, and (with the proper personal pronoun) of the other persons
#22
καὶ
and
and, also, even, so then, too, etc.; often used in connection (or composition) with other particles or small words
#23
οἱ
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
#24
μαθηταὶ
disciples
a learner, i.e., pupil
#25
αὐτοῦ
he
the reflexive pronoun self, used (alone or in the comparative g1438) of the third person, and (with the proper personal pronoun) of the other persons

Analysis

The divine love theme here intersects with God's covenantal faithfulness demonstrated throughout salvation history. Biblical theology recognizes this as part of progressive revelation from covenant love in the Old Testament to agape love in the New. The phrase emphasizing divine revelation contributes to our systematic understanding of Christian doctrine and connects to the broader scriptural witness about hesed in the Old Testament and agape in the New Testament.

Historical Context

The historical context of the late first century during increasing tension between synagogue and church provides crucial background for understanding this verse. The historical and cultural milieu of the biblical world informed the author's theological expression and the audience's understanding. The late first-century Jewish-Christian tensions and Hellenistic thought would have shaped how the original audience understood divine revelation. Archaeological and historical evidence reveals Archaeological discoveries continue to illuminate the historical context of biblical texts.

Questions for Reflection

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