John 12:9

Authorized King James Version

Much people of the Jews therefore knew that he was there: and they came not for Jesus' sake only, but that they might see Lazarus also, whom he had raised from the dead.

Word-by-Word Analysis
#1
Ἔγνω
knew
to "know" (absolutely) in a great variety of applications and with many implications (as follow, with others not thus clearly expressed)
#2
οὖν
therefore
(adverbially) certainly, or (conjunctionally) accordingly
#3
ὄχλος
people
a throng (as borne along); by implication, the rabble; by extension, a class of people; figuratively, a riot
#4
πολὺς
Much
(singular) much (in any respect) or (plural) many; neuter (singular) as adverbial, largely; neuter (plural) as adverb or noun often, mostly, largely
#5
ἐκ
from
a primary preposition denoting origin (the point whence action or motion proceeds), from, out (of place, time, or cause literal or figurative; direct
#6
τῶν
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
#7
Ἰουδαίων
the Jews
judaean, i.e., belonging to jehudah
#8
ὅτι
that
demonstrative, that (sometimes redundant); causative, because
#9
ἐκεῖ
there
there; by extension, thither
#10
ἐστιν
he was
he (she or it) is; also (with neuter plural) they are
#11
καὶ
also
and, also, even, so then, too, etc.; often used in connection (or composition) with other particles or small words
#12
ἦλθον
they came
to come or go (in a great variety of applications, literally and figuratively)
#13
οὐ
not
the absolute negative (compare g3361) adverb; no or not
#14
διὰ
for
through (in very wide applications, local, causal, or occasional)
#15
τὸν
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
#16
Ἰησοῦν
Jesus
jesus (i.e., jehoshua), the name of our lord and two (three) other israelites
#17
μόνον
sake only
merely
#18
ἀλλ'
but
properly, other things, i.e., (adverbially) contrariwise (in many relations)
#19
ἵνα
that
in order that (denoting the purpose or the result)
#20
καὶ
also
and, also, even, so then, too, etc.; often used in connection (or composition) with other particles or small words
#21
τὸν
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
#22
Λάζαρον
Lazarus
lazarus (i.e., elazar), the name of two israelites
#23
ἴδωσιν
they might see
used only in certain past tenses, the others being borrowed from the equivalent g3700 and g3708; properly, to see (literally or figuratively); by impl
#24
ὃν
whom
the relatively (sometimes demonstrative) pronoun, who, which, what, that
#25
ἤγειρεν
he had raised
to waken (transitively or intransitively), i.e., rouse (literally, from sleep, from sitting or lying, from disease, from death; or figuratively, from
#26
ἐκ
from
a primary preposition denoting origin (the point whence action or motion proceeds), from, out (of place, time, or cause literal or figurative; direct
#27
νεκρῶν
the dead
dead (literally or figuratively; also as noun)

Analysis

This verse develops the divine love theme central to John. The concept of covenant community reflects the essential nature of God revealed through Christ. The literary structure and word choice here contribute to theological biography emphasizing Jesus' divine identity, advancing the author's theological argument. The original language emphasizes careful word choice that would have carried specific theological weight for the original audience, providing deeper understanding of the author's theological intention.

Historical Context

The historical context of the late first century during increasing tension between synagogue and church provides crucial background for understanding this verse. The historical and cultural milieu of the biblical world informed the author's theological expression and the audience's understanding. The late first-century Jewish-Christian tensions and Hellenistic thought would have shaped how the original audience understood covenant community. Archaeological and historical evidence reveals Archaeological discoveries continue to illuminate the historical context of biblical texts.

Questions for Reflection

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