John 12:5

Authorized King James Version

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Why was not this ointment sold for three hundred pence, and given to the poor?

Original Language Analysis

Διατί Why G1302
Διατί Why
Strong's: G1302
Word #: 1 of 11
through what cause ?, i.e., why?
τοῦτο this G5124
τοῦτο this
Strong's: G5124
Word #: 2 of 11
that thing
τὸ G3588
τὸ
Strong's: G3588
Word #: 3 of 11
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
μύρον ointment G3464
μύρον ointment
Strong's: G3464
Word #: 4 of 11
"myrrh", i.e., (by implication) perfumed oil
οὐκ not G3756
οὐκ not
Strong's: G3756
Word #: 5 of 11
the absolute negative (compare g3361) adverb; no or not
ἐπράθη sold G4097
ἐπράθη sold
Strong's: G4097
Word #: 6 of 11
from the base of g4008); to traffic (by travelling), i.e., dispose of as merchandise or into slavery (literally or figuratively)
τριακοσίων for three hundred G5145
τριακοσίων for three hundred
Strong's: G5145
Word #: 7 of 11
three hundred
δηναρίων pence G1220
δηναρίων pence
Strong's: G1220
Word #: 8 of 11
a denarius (or ten asses)
καὶ and G2532
καὶ and
Strong's: G2532
Word #: 9 of 11
and, also, even, so then, too, etc.; often used in connection (or composition) with other particles or small words
ἐδόθη given G1325
ἐδόθη given
Strong's: G1325
Word #: 10 of 11
to give (used in a very wide application, properly, or by implication, literally or figuratively; greatly modified by the connection)
πτωχοῖς to the poor G4434
πτωχοῖς to the poor
Strong's: G4434
Word #: 11 of 11
akin to g4422 and the alternate of g4098); a beggar (as cringing), i.e., pauper (strictly denoting absolute or public mendicancy, although also used i

Analysis & Commentary

Judas calculates the ointment's value at three hundred denarii (a year's wages for a laborer), questioning why it wasn't sold for the poor. His objection sounds like social justice but springs from greed. This demonstrates how noble-sounding arguments can mask ignoble motives. The question 'Why was not?' implies criticism of Mary, Jesus, or both. Judas' utilitarian ethics miss worship's transcendent value—some things shouldn't be calculated. His mercenary spirit contrasts Mary's generous heart, previewing his selling Jesus for thirty pieces of silver.

Historical Context

A denarius was a day's wage for a laborer (Matt 20:2). Three hundred denarii represented a substantial fortune for common people. The poor were numerous in first-century Palestine, making Judas' objection seem reasonable.

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