John 11:31

Authorized King James Version

The Jews then which were with her in the house, and comforted her, when they saw Mary, that she rose up hastily and went out, followed her, saying, She goeth unto the grave to weep there.

Word-by-Word Analysis
#1
τὸ
which
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
#2
οὖν
then
(adverbially) certainly, or (conjunctionally) accordingly
#3
Ἰουδαῖοι
The Jews
judaean, i.e., belonging to jehudah
#4
τὸ
which
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
#5
ὄντες
were
being
#6
μετ'
with
properly, denoting accompaniment; "amid" (local or causal); modified variously according to the case (genitive association, or accusative succession)
#7
αὐτῇ
her
the reflexive pronoun self, used (alone or in the comparative g1438) of the third person, and (with the proper personal pronoun) of the other persons
#8
ἐν
in
"in," at, (up-)on, by, etc
#9
τὸ
which
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
#10
οἰκίᾳ
the house
properly, residence (abstractly), but usually (concretely) an abode (literally or figuratively); by implication, a family (especially domestics)
#11
καὶ
and
and, also, even, so then, too, etc.; often used in connection (or composition) with other particles or small words
#12
παραμυθούμενοι
comforted
to relate near, i.e., (by implication) encourage, console
#13
αὐτῇ
her
the reflexive pronoun self, used (alone or in the comparative g1438) of the third person, and (with the proper personal pronoun) of the other persons
#14
ἰδόντες
when they saw
used only in certain past tenses, the others being borrowed from the equivalent g3700 and g3708; properly, to see (literally or figuratively); by impl
#15
τὸ
which
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
#16
Μαρίαν,
Mary
maria or mariam (i.e., mirjam), the name of six christian females
#17
ὅτι
that
demonstrative, that (sometimes redundant); causative, because
#18
ταχέως
hastily
briefly, i.e., (in time) speedily, or (in manner) rapidly
#19
ἀνέστη
she rose up
to stand up (literal or figurative, transitive or intransitive)
#20
καὶ
and
and, also, even, so then, too, etc.; often used in connection (or composition) with other particles or small words
#21
ἐξῆλθεν
went out
to issue (literally or figuratively)
#22
ἠκολούθησαν
followed
properly, to be in the same way with, i.e., to accompany (specially, as a disciple)
#23
αὐτῇ
her
the reflexive pronoun self, used (alone or in the comparative g1438) of the third person, and (with the proper personal pronoun) of the other persons
#24
λέγοντες,
saying
properly, to "lay" forth, i.e., (figuratively) relate (in words (usually of systematic or set discourse; whereas g2036 and g5346 generally refer to an
#25
ὅτι
that
demonstrative, that (sometimes redundant); causative, because
#26
ὑπάγει
She goeth
to lead (oneself) under, i.e., withdraw or retire (as if sinking out of sight), literally or figuratively
#27
εἰς
unto
to or into (indicating the point reached or entered), of place, time, or (figuratively) purpose (result, etc.); also in adverbial phrases
#28
τὸ
which
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
#29
μνημεῖον
the grave
a remembrance, i.e., cenotaph (place of interment)
#30
ἵνα
to
in order that (denoting the purpose or the result)
#31
κλαύσῃ
weep
to sob, i.e., wail aloud (whereas 1145 is rather to cry silently)
#32
ἐκεῖ
there
there; by extension, thither

Analysis

This verse develops the faith and obedience theme central to John. The concept of divine revelation reflects the development of faith and obedience within biblical theology. The literary structure and word choice here contribute to theological biography emphasizing Jesus' divine identity, advancing the author's theological argument. The original language emphasizes careful word choice that would have carried specific theological weight for the original audience, providing deeper understanding of the author's theological intention.

Historical Context

The historical context of the late first century during increasing tension between synagogue and church provides crucial background for understanding this verse. The historical and cultural milieu of the biblical world informed the author's theological expression and the audience's understanding. The late first-century Jewish-Christian tensions and Hellenistic thought would have shaped how the original audience understood divine revelation. Archaeological and historical evidence reveals Archaeological discoveries continue to illuminate the historical context of biblical texts.

Questions for Reflection

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