John 10:8

Authorized King James Version

All that ever came before me are thieves and robbers: but the sheep did not hear them.

Word-by-Word Analysis
#1
πάντες
All
all, any, every, the whole
#2
ὅσοι
that ever
as (much, great, long, etc.) as
#3
πρὸ
before
"fore", i.e., in front of, prior (figuratively, superior) to
#4
ἐμοῦ
me
of me
#5
ἦλθον
came
to come or go (in a great variety of applications, literally and figuratively)
#6
κλέπται
thieves
a stealer (literally or figuratively)
#7
εἰσὶν
are
they are
#8
καὶ
and
and, also, even, so then, too, etc.; often used in connection (or composition) with other particles or small words
#9
λῃσταί
robbers
a brigand
#10
ἀλλ'
but
properly, other things, i.e., (adverbially) contrariwise (in many relations)
#11
οὐκ
not
the absolute negative (compare g3361) adverb; no or not
#12
ἤκουσαν
did
to hear (in various senses)
#13
αὐτῶν
them
the reflexive pronoun self, used (alone or in the comparative g1438) of the third person, and (with the proper personal pronoun) of the other persons
#14
τὰ
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
#15
πρόβατα
the sheep
something that walks forward (a quadruped), i.e., (specially), a sheep (literally or figuratively)

Analysis

The divine love theme here intersects with God's covenantal faithfulness demonstrated throughout salvation history. Biblical theology recognizes this as part of progressive revelation from covenant love in the Old Testament to agape love in the New. The phrase emphasizing divine revelation contributes to our systematic understanding of Christian doctrine and connects to the broader scriptural witness about hesed in the Old Testament and agape in the New Testament.

Historical Context

The historical context of the late first century during increasing tension between synagogue and church provides crucial background for understanding this verse. The historical and cultural milieu of the biblical world informed the author's theological expression and the audience's understanding. The late first-century Jewish-Christian tensions and Hellenistic thought would have shaped how the original audience understood divine revelation. Archaeological and historical evidence reveals Archaeological discoveries continue to illuminate the historical context of biblical texts.

Questions for Reflection

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