Joel 1:10

Authorized King James Version

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The field is wasted, the land mourneth; for the corn is wasted: the new wine is dried up, the oil languisheth.

Original Language Analysis

שֻׁדַּ֣ד is wasted H7703
שֻׁדַּ֣ד is wasted
Strong's: H7703
Word #: 1 of 11
properly, to be burly, i.e., (figuratively) powerful (passively, impregnable); by implication, to ravage
שָׂדֶ֔ה The field H7704
שָׂדֶ֔ה The field
Strong's: H7704
Word #: 2 of 11
a field (as flat)
אָבְלָ֖ה mourneth H56
אָבְלָ֖ה mourneth
Strong's: H56
Word #: 3 of 11
to bewail
אֲדָמָ֑ה the land H127
אֲדָמָ֑ה the land
Strong's: H127
Word #: 4 of 11
soil (from its general redness)
כִּ֚י H3588
כִּ֚י
Strong's: H3588
Word #: 5 of 11
(by implication) very widely used as a relative conjunction or adverb (as below); often largely modified by other particles annexed
שֻׁדַּ֣ד is wasted H7703
שֻׁדַּ֣ד is wasted
Strong's: H7703
Word #: 6 of 11
properly, to be burly, i.e., (figuratively) powerful (passively, impregnable); by implication, to ravage
דָּגָ֔ן for the corn H1715
דָּגָ֔ן for the corn
Strong's: H1715
Word #: 7 of 11
properly, increase, i.e., grain
הוֹבִ֥ישׁ is dried up H3001
הוֹבִ֥ישׁ is dried up
Strong's: H3001
Word #: 8 of 11
to be ashamed, confused or disappointed; also (as failing) to dry up (as water) or wither (as herbage)
תִּיר֖וֹשׁ the new wine H8492
תִּיר֖וֹשׁ the new wine
Strong's: H8492
Word #: 9 of 11
must or fresh grape-juice (as just squeezed out); by implication (rarely) fermented wine
אֻמְלַ֥ל languisheth H535
אֻמְלַ֥ל languisheth
Strong's: H535
Word #: 10 of 11
to droop; by implication to be sick, to mourn
יִצְהָֽר׃ the oil H3323
יִצְהָֽר׃ the oil
Strong's: H3323
Word #: 11 of 11
oil (as producing light); figuratively, anointing

Analysis & Commentary

"The field is wasted, the land mourneth" personifies creation as mourning—echoing Genesis 3's curse where creation suffers for human sin (Romans 8:19-22). The Hebrew 'amal (mourn/wail) suggests deep grief. "For the corn is wasted" lists agricultural devastation: corn (grain), wine, oil—Israel's primary crops. The phrase "the new wine is dried up, the oil languisheth" uses Hebrew umla'm (withered/dried) and 'umlal (languishes/fails) conveying progressive decay and death. This comprehensive destruction demonstrates that covenant curses aren't theoretical threats but experiential realities. God's warnings have teeth. The Reformed doctrine of progressive sanctification warns against presumption—professing Christians who presume grace nullifies judgment face discipline (Hebrews 12:5-11) and potentially revelation that their faith was never genuine (Matthew 7:21-23). Temporal judgments serve as merciful warnings of eternal realities.

Historical Context

Ancient Israel's economy depended on grain, wine, and oil—the Mediterranean triad providing bread, drink, and cooking/lighting fuel. Their failure meant economic collapse and potential starvation. This agricultural crisis would have reminded Israel of covenant curses threatened in Deuteronomy 28:16-18, 38-40. The personification of land mourning reflects ancient Near Eastern understanding that land and people were interconnected—righteous living blessed the land, wickedness cursed it (Leviticus 18:24-28, 26:3-20).

Questions for Reflection