Job 33:18

Authorized King James Version

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He keepeth back his soul from the pit, and his life from perishing by the sword.

Original Language Analysis

יַחְשֹׂ֣ךְ He keepeth back H2820
יַחְשֹׂ֣ךְ He keepeth back
Strong's: H2820
Word #: 1 of 7
to restrain or (reflexive) refrain; by implication, to refuse, spare, preserve; to observe
נַ֭פְשׁוֹ his soul H5315
נַ֭פְשׁוֹ his soul
Strong's: H5315
Word #: 2 of 7
properly, a breathing creature, i.e., animal of (abstractly) vitality; used very widely in a literal, accommodated or figurative sense (bodily or ment
מִנִּי H4480
מִנִּי
Strong's: H4480
Word #: 3 of 7
properly, a part of; hence (prepositionally), from or out of in many senses
שָׁ֑חַת from the pit H7845
שָׁ֑חַת from the pit
Strong's: H7845
Word #: 4 of 7
a pit (especially as a trap); figuratively, destruction
וְ֝חַיָּת֗וֹ and his life H2416
וְ֝חַיָּת֗וֹ and his life
Strong's: H2416
Word #: 5 of 7
alive; hence, raw (flesh); fresh (plant, water, year), strong; also (as noun, especially in the feminine singular and masculine plural) life (or livin
מֵעֲבֹ֥ר from perishing H5674
מֵעֲבֹ֥ר from perishing
Strong's: H5674
Word #: 6 of 7
to cross over; used very widely of any transition (literal or figurative; transitive, intransitive, intensive, causative); specifically, to cover (in
בַּשָּֽׁלַח׃ by the sword H7973
בַּשָּֽׁלַח׃ by the sword
Strong's: H7973
Word #: 7 of 7
a missile of attack, i.e., spear; also (figuratively) a shoot of growth; i.e., branch

Analysis & Commentary

He keepeth back his soul from the pit (yāḥŏśēk napšô min-šāḥaṯ, יָחֹשֶׂךְ נַפְשׁוֹ מִן־שָׁחַת)—The verb ḥāśak means to withhold, restrain, or hold back, depicting God actively preventing the soul (nepeš, the life-force or inner being) from descending into šāḥaṯ (the pit, grave, or place of corruption). This Hebrew term for 'pit' appears in Psalm 16:10, prophetically applied to Christ's resurrection: 'neither wilt thou suffer thine Holy One to see corruption.' God's preserving action rescues from premature death and spiritual destruction.

And his life from perishing by the sword (weḥayyātô mē'ăḇôr bašālaḥ, וְחַיָּתוֹ מֵעֲבֹר בַּשָּׁלַח)—The phrase 'perishing by the sword' uses 'āḇar (to pass over, cross over) with šelaḥ (spear, javelin, or weapon). The imagery suggests violent death in warfare or judgment. God's intervention spares physical life from destruction. This protective theology anticipates New Testament teaching that God numbers our days (Matthew 10:29-31) and sovereign providence shields believers until their appointed time.

Historical Context

Ancient Near Eastern cultures viewed premature or violent death as divine disfavor. Elihu counters this by presenting God's corrective suffering as life-preserving rather than life-destroying. The 'pit' (šāḥaṯ) in ancient cosmology represented Sheol, the realm of the dead, often depicted as a literal underground cavern. Weapons like the sword or spear symbolized the ultimate threat to mortal existence in a warrior culture.

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