Jeremiah 52:8

Authorized King James Version

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But the army of the Chaldeans pursued after the king, and overtook Zedekiah in the plains of Jericho; and all his army was scattered from him.

Original Language Analysis

וַיִּרְדְּפ֤וּ pursued H7291
וַיִּרְדְּפ֤וּ pursued
Strong's: H7291
Word #: 1 of 14
to run after (usually with hostile intent; figuratively [of time] gone by)
חֵיל֔וֹ But the army H2428
חֵיל֔וֹ But the army
Strong's: H2428
Word #: 2 of 14
probably a force, whether of men, means or other resources; an army, wealth, virtue, valor, strength
כַּשְׂדִּים֙ of the Chaldeans H3778
כַּשְׂדִּים֙ of the Chaldeans
Strong's: H3778
Word #: 3 of 14
a kasdite, or descendant of kesed; by implication, a chaldaean (as if so descended); also an astrologer (as if proverbial of that people
אַחֲרֵ֣י after H310
אַחֲרֵ֣י after
Strong's: H310
Word #: 4 of 14
properly, the hind part; generally used as an adverb or conjunction, after (in various senses)
הַמֶּ֔לֶךְ the king H4428
הַמֶּ֔לֶךְ the king
Strong's: H4428
Word #: 5 of 14
a king
וַיַּשִּׂ֥יגוּ and overtook H5381
וַיַּשִּׂ֥יגוּ and overtook
Strong's: H5381
Word #: 6 of 14
to reach (literally or figuratively)
אֶת H853
אֶת
Strong's: H853
Word #: 7 of 14
properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)
צִדְקִיָּ֖הוּ Zedekiah H6667
צִדְקִיָּ֖הוּ Zedekiah
Strong's: H6667
Word #: 8 of 14
tsidkijah, the name of six israelites
בְּעַֽרְבֹ֣ת in the plains H6160
בְּעַֽרְבֹ֣ת in the plains
Strong's: H6160
Word #: 9 of 14
a desert; especially (with the article prefix) the (generally) sterile valley of the jordan and its continuation to the red sea
יְרֵח֑וֹ of Jericho H3405
יְרֵח֑וֹ of Jericho
Strong's: H3405
Word #: 10 of 14
jericho or jerecho, a place in palestine
וְכָל H3605
וְכָל
Strong's: H3605
Word #: 11 of 14
properly, the whole; hence, all, any or every (in the singular only, but often in a plural sense)
חֵיל֔וֹ But the army H2428
חֵיל֔וֹ But the army
Strong's: H2428
Word #: 12 of 14
probably a force, whether of men, means or other resources; an army, wealth, virtue, valor, strength
נָפֹ֖צוּ was scattered H6327
נָפֹ֖צוּ was scattered
Strong's: H6327
Word #: 13 of 14
to dash in pieces, literally or figuratively (especially to disperse)
מֵעָלָֽיו׃ H5921
מֵעָלָֽיו׃
Strong's: H5921
Word #: 14 of 14
above, over, upon, or against (yet always in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great variety of applications

Analysis & Commentary

But the army of the Chaldeans pursued after the king—Zedekiah's escape attempt lasted only hours before Babylon's cavalry caught him. And overtook Zedekiah in the plains of Jericho (בְּעַרְבוֹת יְרֵחוֹ, be'arvot Yericho)—approximately 15 miles from Jerusalem, near where Israel had first entered the Promised Land under Joshua. The location carries bitter irony: where Joshua led Israel into covenant blessing, Zedekiah flees in covenant curse, experiencing the very judgment Moses warned of in Deuteronomy 28:15-68.

And all his army was scattered from him (וְכָל־חֵילוֹ נָפֹצוּ מֵעָלָיו, vekhol-cheilo nafosu me'alaiv)—the Hebrew puts means to scatter, disperse, or break apart, describing complete military disintegration. Zedekiah's bodyguard and warriors abandoned him in terror, each fleeing to save himself. The king who refused to trust God's promise of survival through surrender (Jeremiah 38:17-18) now stands alone, captured and helpless. This fulfills Ezekiel's prophecy: 'I will spread my net upon him, and he shall be taken in my snare' (Ezekiel 12:13). No human army could protect Zedekiah from God's appointed judgment—his only safety lay in the obedience he refused.

Historical Context

The plains of Jericho are a low-lying desert region nearly 1,000 feet below sea level, offering little cover for fugitives. Babylonian cavalry, superior in open terrain, easily overtook Zedekiah's fleeing foot soldiers. Ancient Near Eastern warfare tactics included pursuing fleeing enemies to prevent regrouping—scattering the army ensured no future resistance. Zedekiah's capture fulfilled both Jeremiah's and Ezekiel's detailed prophecies: he would see the king of Babylon face-to-face (Jeremiah 34:3), yet would die in Babylon without seeing the land (Ezekiel 12:13)—both literally fulfilled when his eyes were gouged out at Riblah (52:11). The irony of his capture at Jericho resonated deeply: Israel's first conquest victory became the site of the last king's defeat. Archaeologically, Babylon's military records confirm their systematic pursuit of fleeing enemies, ensuring complete subjugation. Zedekiah's scattered army likely attempted to escape toward the Transjordan or southward to Edom, but historical sources indicate most were killed or captured.

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