Jeremiah 52:7

Authorized King James Version

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Then the city was broken up, and all the men of war fled, and went forth out of the city by night by the way of the gate between the two walls, which was by the king's garden; (now the Chaldeans were by the city round about:) and they went by the way of the plain.

Original Language Analysis

וַתִּבָּקַ֣ע was broken up H1234
וַתִּבָּקַ֣ע was broken up
Strong's: H1234
Word #: 1 of 24
to cleave; generally, to rend, break, rip or open
הָעִ֖יר Then the city H5892
הָעִ֖יר Then the city
Strong's: H5892
Word #: 2 of 24
a city (a place guarded by waking or a watch) in the widest sense (even of a mere encampment or post)
וְכָל H3605
וְכָל
Strong's: H3605
Word #: 3 of 24
properly, the whole; hence, all, any or every (in the singular only, but often in a plural sense)
אַנְשֵׁ֣י H376
אַנְשֵׁ֣י
Strong's: H376
Word #: 4 of 24
a man as an individual or a male person; often used as an adjunct to a more definite term (and in such cases frequently not expressed in translation)
הַמִּלְחָמָ֡ה of war H4421
הַמִּלְחָמָ֡ה of war
Strong's: H4421
Word #: 5 of 24
a battle (i.e., the engagement); generally, war (i.e., war-fare)
יִבְרְחוּ֩ fled H1272
יִבְרְחוּ֩ fled
Strong's: H1272
Word #: 6 of 24
to bolt, i.e., figuratively, to flee suddenly
וַיֵּצְא֨וּ and went forth H3318
וַיֵּצְא֨וּ and went forth
Strong's: H3318
Word #: 7 of 24
to go (causatively, bring) out, in a great variety of applications, literally and figuratively, direct and proxim
הָעִ֖יר Then the city H5892
הָעִ֖יר Then the city
Strong's: H5892
Word #: 8 of 24
a city (a place guarded by waking or a watch) in the widest sense (even of a mere encampment or post)
לַ֗יְלָה by night H3915
לַ֗יְלָה by night
Strong's: H3915
Word #: 9 of 24
properly, a twist (away of the light), i.e., night; figuratively, adversity
דֶּ֥רֶךְ by the way H1870
דֶּ֥רֶךְ by the way
Strong's: H1870
Word #: 10 of 24
a road (as trodden); figuratively, a course of life or mode of action, often adverb
שַׁ֤עַר of the gate H8179
שַׁ֤עַר of the gate
Strong's: H8179
Word #: 11 of 24
an opening, i.e., door or gate
בֵּין H996
בֵּין
Strong's: H996
Word #: 12 of 24
between (repeated before each noun, often with other particles); also as a conjunction, either...or
הַחֹמֹתַ֙יִם֙ between the two walls H2346
הַחֹמֹתַ֙יִם֙ between the two walls
Strong's: H2346
Word #: 13 of 24
a wall of protection
אֲשֶׁר֙ H834
אֲשֶׁר֙
Strong's: H834
Word #: 14 of 24
who, which, what, that; also (as an adverb and a conjunction) when, where, how, because, in order that, etc
עַל H5921
עַל
Strong's: H5921
Word #: 15 of 24
above, over, upon, or against (yet always in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great variety of applications
גַּ֣ן garden H1588
גַּ֣ן garden
Strong's: H1588
Word #: 16 of 24
a garden (as fenced)
הַמֶּ֔לֶךְ which was by the king's H4428
הַמֶּ֔לֶךְ which was by the king's
Strong's: H4428
Word #: 17 of 24
a king
וְכַשְׂדִּ֥ים now the Chaldeans H3778
וְכַשְׂדִּ֥ים now the Chaldeans
Strong's: H3778
Word #: 18 of 24
a kasdite, or descendant of kesed; by implication, a chaldaean (as if so descended); also an astrologer (as if proverbial of that people
עַל H5921
עַל
Strong's: H5921
Word #: 19 of 24
above, over, upon, or against (yet always in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great variety of applications
הָעִ֖יר Then the city H5892
הָעִ֖יר Then the city
Strong's: H5892
Word #: 20 of 24
a city (a place guarded by waking or a watch) in the widest sense (even of a mere encampment or post)
סָבִ֑יב round about H5439
סָבִ֑יב round about
Strong's: H5439
Word #: 21 of 24
(as noun) a circle, neighbour, or environs; but chiefly (as adverb, with or without preposition) around
וַיֵּלְכ֖וּ H1980
וַיֵּלְכ֖וּ
Strong's: H1980
Word #: 22 of 24
to walk (in a great variety of applications, literally and figuratively)
דֶּ֥רֶךְ by the way H1870
דֶּ֥רֶךְ by the way
Strong's: H1870
Word #: 23 of 24
a road (as trodden); figuratively, a course of life or mode of action, often adverb
הָעֲרָבָֽה׃ of the plain H6160
הָעֲרָבָֽה׃ of the plain
Strong's: H6160
Word #: 24 of 24
a desert; especially (with the article prefix) the (generally) sterile valley of the jordan and its continuation to the red sea

Analysis & Commentary

Then the city was broken up (וַתִּבָּקַע הָעִיר, vatibbaqa ha'ir)—the Hebrew baqa means to split, breach, or burst open, describing the catastrophic moment when Babylon's siege engines finally penetrated Jerusalem's walls after 30 months (52:4-6). All the men of war fled reveals the collapse of Judah's last military resistance. King Zedekiah and his warriors escaped by night by the way of the gate between the two walls, likely a secret passage near the Kidron Valley, which was by the king's garden—a desperate nighttime flight from the doomed city.

The parenthetical note (now the Chaldeans were by the city round about) emphasizes the impossibility of escape—Babylon's army encircled Jerusalem completely, yet Zedekiah attempted to flee anyway. They went by the way of the plain (הָעֲרָבָה, ha'aravah) toward the Jordan valley, heading east toward Jericho. This cowardly flight fulfilled Jeremiah's repeated warnings that resistance was futile and that surrender to Babylon was God's will (Jeremiah 21:8-10, 38:17-23). Zedekiah's refusal to heed God's prophet led to Jerusalem's destruction and his own capture. This verse illustrates that human schemes cannot circumvent divine judgment—fleeing God's appointed discipline only compounds the tragedy.

Historical Context

This event occurred in July 586 BC (the fourth month, ninth day—52:6-7), marking the end of the Davidic monarchy's rule in Jerusalem and the destruction of Solomon's temple. Nebuchadnezzar's forces had besieged Jerusalem since January 588 BC, creating horrific famine conditions described in Lamentations 4:3-10. Zedekiah was Judah's last king, a weak ruler who vacillated between trusting Egypt and submitting to Babylon, ultimately rebelling against Nebuchadnezzar despite sworn allegiance (Ezekiel 17:11-21). Archaeological evidence from the City of David shows massive destruction layers from this period, with arrowheads and burn marks confirming the violence. The 'gate between the two walls' likely exploited a vulnerable point in Jerusalem's eastern defenses. Zedekiah's attempted escape toward the wilderness of Judah shows he hoped to reach territory beyond Babylon's immediate control, possibly to regroup or flee to Egypt—a futile plan that ended in disaster within hours.

Questions for Reflection

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