Isaiah 9:1

Authorized King James Version

Nevertheless the dimness shall not be such as was in her vexation, when at the first he lightly afflicted the land of Zebulun and the land of Naphtali, and afterward did more grievously afflict her by the way of the sea, beyond Jordan, in Galilee of the nations.

Word-by-Word Analysis
#1
כִּ֣י
(by implication) very widely used as a relative conjunction or adverb (as below); often largely modified by other particles annexed
#2
לֹ֣א
not (the simple or abs. negation); by implication, no; often used with other particles
#3
מוּעָף֮
Nevertheless the dimness
properly, covered, i.e., dark; abstractly, obscurity, i.e., distress
#4
לַאֲשֶׁ֣ר
who, which, what, that; also (as an adverb and a conjunction) when, where, how, because, in order that, etc
#5
מוּצָ֣ק
shall not be such as was in her vexation
narrowness; figuratively, distress
#6
לָהּ֒
H0
#7
כָּעֵ֣ת
when
time, especially (adverb with preposition) now, when, etc
#8
הָרִאשׁ֗וֹן
at the first
first, in place, time or rank (as adjective or noun)
#9
הֵקַ֞ל
he lightly afflicted
to be (causatively, make) light, literally (swift, small, sharp, etc.) or figuratively (easy, trifling, vile, etc.)
#10
וְאַ֣רְצָה
and the land
the earth (at large, or partitively a land)
#11
זְבֻלוּן֙
of Zebulun
zebulon, a son of jacob; also his territory and tribe
#12
וְאַ֣רְצָה
and the land
the earth (at large, or partitively a land)
#13
נַפְתָּלִ֔י
of Naphtali
naphtali, a son of jacob, with the tribe descended from him, and its territory
#14
וְהָאַחֲר֖וֹן
and afterward
hinder; generally, late or last; specifically (as facing the east) western
#15
הִכְבִּ֑יד
did more grievously afflict
to be heavy, i.e., in a bad sense (burdensome, severe, dull) or in a good sense (numerous, rich, honorable); causatively, to make weighty (in the same
#16
דֶּ֤רֶךְ
her by the way
a road (as trodden); figuratively, a course of life or mode of action, often adverb
#17
הַיָּם֙
of the sea
a sea (as breaking in noisy surf) or large body of water; specifically (with the article), the mediterranean sea; sometimes a large river, or an artif
#18
עֵ֣בֶר
beyond
properly, a region across; but used only adverbially (with or without a preposition) on the opposite side (especially of the jordan; ususally meaning
#19
הַיַּרְדֵּ֔ן
Jordan
jarden, the principal river of palestine
#20
גְּלִ֖יל
in Galilee
galil (as a special circuit) in the north of palestine
#21
הַגּוֹיִֽם׃
of the nations
a foreign nation; hence, a gentile; also (figuratively) a troop of animals, or a flight of locusts

Analysis

The salvation theme here intersects with the metanarrative of redemption running from Genesis to Revelation. Biblical theology recognizes this as part of a unified storyline from the promise in Genesis 3:15 to its fulfillment in Christ. The phrase emphasizing covenant community contributes to our systematic understanding of Christian doctrine and connects to the broader scriptural witness about God's saving work from the Exodus to the cross.

Historical Context

The literary and historical milieu of the literary conventions and historical circumstances of biblical literature shapes this text's meaning. The historical development of salvation within the theological tradition of Isaiah Understanding the ancient worldview that shaped the author's theological expression helps modern readers appreciate why the author emphasizes covenant community in this particular way.

Questions for Reflection

Related Resources

Explore related topics, people, and study resources to deepen your understanding of this passage.

People