Isaiah 49:13

Authorized King James Version

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Sing, O heavens; and be joyful, O earth; and break forth into singing, O mountains: for the LORD hath comforted his people, and will have mercy upon his afflicted.

Original Language Analysis

רָנּ֤וּ Sing H7442
רָנּ֤וּ Sing
Strong's: H7442
Word #: 1 of 13
properly, to creak (or emit a stridulous sound), i.e., to shout (usually for joy)
שָׁמַ֙יִם֙ O heavens H8064
שָׁמַ֙יִם֙ O heavens
Strong's: H8064
Word #: 2 of 13
the sky (as aloft; the dual perhaps alluding to the visible arch in which the clouds move, as well as to the higher ether where the celestial bodies r
וְגִ֣ילִי and be joyful H1523
וְגִ֣ילִי and be joyful
Strong's: H1523
Word #: 3 of 13
properly, to spin round (under the influence of any violent emotion), i.e., usually rejoice, or (as cringing) fear
אָ֔רֶץ O earth H776
אָ֔רֶץ O earth
Strong's: H776
Word #: 4 of 13
the earth (at large, or partitively a land)
יּפִצְח֥וּ and break forth H6476
יּפִצְח֥וּ and break forth
Strong's: H6476
Word #: 5 of 13
to break out (in joyful sound)
הָרִ֖ים O mountains H2022
הָרִ֖ים O mountains
Strong's: H2022
Word #: 6 of 13
a mountain or range of hills (sometimes used figuratively)
רִנָּ֑ה into singing H7440
רִנָּ֑ה into singing
Strong's: H7440
Word #: 7 of 13
properly, a creaking (or shrill sound), i.e., shout (of joy or grief)
כִּֽי H3588
כִּֽי
Strong's: H3588
Word #: 8 of 13
(by implication) very widely used as a relative conjunction or adverb (as below); often largely modified by other particles annexed
נִחַ֤ם hath comforted H5162
נִחַ֤ם hath comforted
Strong's: H5162
Word #: 9 of 13
properly, to sigh, i.e., breathe strongly; by implication, to be sorry, i.e., (in a favorable sense) to pity, console or (reflexively) rue; or (unfavo
יְהוָה֙ for the LORD H3068
יְהוָה֙ for the LORD
Strong's: H3068
Word #: 10 of 13
(the) self-existent or eternal; jeho-vah, jewish national name of god
עַמּ֔וֹ his people H5971
עַמּ֔וֹ his people
Strong's: H5971
Word #: 11 of 13
a people (as a congregated unit); specifically, a tribe (as those of israel); hence (collectively) troops or attendants; figuratively, a flock
וַֽעֲנִיָּ֖ו upon his afflicted H6041
וַֽעֲנִיָּ֖ו upon his afflicted
Strong's: H6041
Word #: 12 of 13
depressed, in mind or circumstances
יְרַחֵֽם׃ and will have mercy H7355
יְרַחֵֽם׃ and will have mercy
Strong's: H7355
Word #: 13 of 13
to fondle; by implication, to love, especially to compassionate

Analysis & Commentary

Sing, O heavens; and be joyful, O earth; and break forth into singing, O mountains: for the LORD hath comforted his people, and will have mercy upon his afflicted. This cosmic summons to praise reflects the Hebrew concept that all creation participates in worshiping its Creator. The threefold address—heavens, earth, mountains—encompasses the entire created order in a liturgical call to celebrate God's redemptive work. The verb rannenu (רַנְּנוּ, "sing") conveys joyous shouting, not mere melodic singing.

The dual grounds for praise are God's comfort (nicham, נִחַם) and mercy (racham, רָחַם). The first term suggests consolation and relief from distress; the second derives from the word for "womb," indicating deep, motherly compassion. This reveals God's tender heart toward His afflicted people—a comfort rooted not in their merit but in His covenant faithfulness.

From a Reformed perspective, this anticipates the complete restoration accomplished through Christ's redemptive work. Paul echoes this cosmic rejoicing in Romans 8:19-22, where creation itself awaits liberation. The comforting of God's people finds ultimate expression in the new creation where God dwells with humanity and "wipe away all tears from their eyes" (Revelation 21:3-4). This verse demonstrates that redemption has cosmic implications—Christ came to reconcile "all things unto himself" (Colossians 1:20).

Historical Context

The call for creation to sing parallels ancient Near Eastern hymnic traditions where nature elements are personified. However, unlike pagan mythology where natural features were deified, Isaiah maintains strict monotheism—creation worships the one true God. This poetic device appears frequently in Hebrew poetry (Psalms 96:11-12, 98:7-8).

For exiled Israelites, this prophecy of divine comfort would have contrasted sharply with their circumstances of captivity and loss. The Babylonian conquest destroyed Jerusalem, the temple, and the Davidic monarchy—core elements of Israelite identity. Isaiah's promise that the LORD would comfort and show mercy despite their affliction pointed toward hope beyond immediate circumstances, trusting in God's unchanging covenant faithfulness regardless of present suffering.

Questions for Reflection

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