Isaiah 33:5

Authorized King James Version

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The LORD is exalted; for he dwelleth on high: he hath filled Zion with judgment and righteousness.

Original Language Analysis

נִשְׂגָּ֣ב is exalted H7682
נִשְׂגָּ֣ב is exalted
Strong's: H7682
Word #: 1 of 9
to be (causatively, make) lofty, especially inaccessible; by implication, safe, strong; used literally and figuratively
יְהוָ֔ה The LORD H3068
יְהוָ֔ה The LORD
Strong's: H3068
Word #: 2 of 9
(the) self-existent or eternal; jeho-vah, jewish national name of god
כִּ֥י H3588
כִּ֥י
Strong's: H3588
Word #: 3 of 9
(by implication) very widely used as a relative conjunction or adverb (as below); often largely modified by other particles annexed
שֹׁכֵ֖ן for he dwelleth H7931
שֹׁכֵ֖ן for he dwelleth
Strong's: H7931
Word #: 4 of 9
to reside or permanently stay (literally or figuratively)
מָר֑וֹם on high H4791
מָר֑וֹם on high
Strong's: H4791
Word #: 5 of 9
altitude, i.e., concretely (an elevated place), abstractly (elevation, figuratively (elation), or adverbially (aloft)
מִלֵּ֣א he hath filled H4390
מִלֵּ֣א he hath filled
Strong's: H4390
Word #: 6 of 9
to fill or (intransitively) be full of, in a wide application (literally and figuratively)
צִיּ֔וֹן Zion H6726
צִיּ֔וֹן Zion
Strong's: H6726
Word #: 7 of 9
tsijon (as a permanent capital), a mountain of jerusalem
מִשְׁפָּ֖ט with judgment H4941
מִשְׁפָּ֖ט with judgment
Strong's: H4941
Word #: 8 of 9
properly, a verdict (favorable or unfavorable) pronounced judicially, especially a sentence or formal decree (human or (participant's) divine law, ind
וּצְדָקָֽה׃ and righteousness H6666
וּצְדָקָֽה׃ and righteousness
Strong's: H6666
Word #: 9 of 9
rightness (abstractly), subjectively (rectitude), objectively (justice), morally (virtue) or figuratively (prosperity)

Analysis & Commentary

The LORD is exalted; for he dwelleth on high (נִשְׂגָּב יְהוָה כִּי שֹׁכֵן מָרוֹם, nisgav YHWH ki shokhen marom)—Yahweh is נָשַׂג (nasag, exalted, high, inaccessible) because He שָׁכַן (shakhan, dwells) in מָרוֹם (marom, the heights). He hath filled Zion with judgment and righteousness (מִלֵּא צִיּוֹן מִשְׁפָּט וּצְדָקָה, mile Tsiyon mishpat utsedaqah)—He has filled Zion with מִשְׁפָּט (mishpat, judgment, justice) and צְדָקָה (tsedaqah, righteousness).

After describing deliverance (vv. 3-4), Isaiah ascribes praise. God's exaltation (נִשְׂגָּב, nisgav) means both transcendence (dwelling on high) and supremacy (elevated above all). Yet this transcendent God fills Zion—immanent presence. He fills it not with wealth or military strength but with מִשְׁפָּט (mishpat) and צְדָקָה (tsedaqah)—justice and righteousness. Psalm 99:9 declares: 'Exalt the LORD our God, and worship at his holy hill; for the LORD our God is holy.' God's throne established on justice (Psalm 89:14).

Historical Context

Zion, Jerusalem's temple mount, represented God's earthly dwelling. Yet 1 Kings 8:27 acknowledges: 'heaven and heaven of heavens cannot contain thee; how much less this house.' God's transcendence and immanence coexist—He dwells in inaccessible heights yet fills Zion. After delivering Jerusalem from Assyria, God's justice and righteousness were vindicated. The ultimate fulfillment: Immanuel (God with us, Matthew 1:23), the Word made flesh (John 1:14).

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