Isaiah 3:24

Authorized King James Version

And it shall come to pass, that instead of sweet smell there shall be stink; and instead of a girdle a rent; and instead of well set hair baldness; and instead of a stomacher a girding of sackcloth; and burning instead of beauty.

Word-by-Word Analysis
#1
וְהָיָה֩
to exist, i.e., be or become, come to pass (always emphatic, and not a mere copula or auxiliary)
#2
תַ֨חַת
the bottom (as depressed); only adverbially, below (often with prepositional prefix underneath), in lieu of, etc
#3
בֹּ֜שֶׂם
And it shall come to pass that instead of sweet smell
fragrance; by implication, spicery; also the balsam plant
#4
מַ֣ק
there shall be stink
properly, a melting, i.e., putridity
#5
יִֽהְיֶ֗ה
to exist, i.e., be or become, come to pass (always emphatic, and not a mere copula or auxiliary)
#6
וְתַ֨חַת
the bottom (as depressed); only adverbially, below (often with prepositional prefix underneath), in lieu of, etc
#7
חֲגוֹרָ֤ה
and instead of a girdle
a belt (for the waist)
#8
נִקְפָּה֙
a rent
probably a rope (as encircling)
#9
וְתַ֨חַת
the bottom (as depressed); only adverbially, below (often with prepositional prefix underneath), in lieu of, etc
#10
מַעֲשֶׂ֤ה
and instead of well set
an action (good or bad); generally, a transaction; abstractly, activity; by implication, a product (specifically, a poem) or (generally) property
#11
מִקְשֶׁה֙
hair
something turned (rounded), i.e., a curl (of tresses)
#12
קָרְחָ֔ה
baldness
baldness
#13
וְתַ֥חַת
the bottom (as depressed); only adverbially, below (often with prepositional prefix underneath), in lieu of, etc
#14
פְּתִיגִ֖יל
and instead of a stomacher
probably a figured mantle for holidays
#15
מַחֲגֹ֣רֶת
a girding
a girdle
#16
שָׂ֑ק
of sackcloth
properly, a mesh (as allowing a liquid to run through), i.e., coarse loose cloth or sacking (used in mourning and for bagging); hence, a bag (for grai
#17
כִּי
and burning
a brand or scar
#18
תַ֖חַת
the bottom (as depressed); only adverbially, below (often with prepositional prefix underneath), in lieu of, etc
#19
יֹֽפִי׃
instead of beauty
beauty

Analysis

This verse develops the salvation theme central to Isaiah. The concept of divine revelation reflects the development of salvation within biblical theology. The literary structure and word choice here contribute to biblical literature contributing to the canon's theological witness, advancing the author's theological argument. The original language emphasizes careful word choice that would have carried specific theological weight for the original audience, providing deeper understanding of the author's theological intention.

Historical Context

This passage must be understood within the political and social structures of the biblical period. The author writes to address believers seeking to understand God's will and purposes, making the emphasis on salvation particularly relevant. Historical documents from this period show cultural practices and social structures that would have been familiar to the original readers, illuminating the verse's original impact.

Questions for Reflection

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