Esther 2:12

Authorized King James Version

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Now when every maid's turn was come to go in to king Ahasuerus, after that she had been twelve months, according to the manner of the women, (for so were the days of their purifications accomplished, to wit, six months with oil of myrrh, and six months with sweet odours, and with other things for the purifying of the women;)

Original Language Analysis

וּבְהַגִּ֡יעַ was come H5060
וּבְהַגִּ֡יעַ was come
Strong's: H5060
Word #: 1 of 30
properly, to touch, i.e., lay the hand upon (for any purpose; euphemistically, to lie with a woman); by implication, to reach (figuratively, to arrive
תֹּר֩ turn H8447
תֹּר֩ turn
Strong's: H8447
Word #: 2 of 30
a succession, i.e., a string or (abstractly) order
וְנַֽעֲרָ֜ה Now when every maid's H5291
וְנַֽעֲרָ֜ה Now when every maid's
Strong's: H5291
Word #: 3 of 30
a girl (from infancy to adolescence)
וְנַֽעֲרָ֜ה Now when every maid's H5291
וְנַֽעֲרָ֜ה Now when every maid's
Strong's: H5291
Word #: 4 of 30
a girl (from infancy to adolescence)
לָב֣וֹא׀ to go in H935
לָב֣וֹא׀ to go in
Strong's: H935
Word #: 5 of 30
to go or come (in a wide variety of applications)
אֶל H413
אֶל
Strong's: H413
Word #: 6 of 30
near, with or among; often in general, to
הַמֶּ֣לֶךְ to king H4428
הַמֶּ֣לֶךְ to king
Strong's: H4428
Word #: 7 of 30
a king
אֲחַשְׁוֵר֗וֹשׁ Ahasuerus H325
אֲחַשְׁוֵר֗וֹשׁ Ahasuerus
Strong's: H325
Word #: 8 of 30
achashverosh (i.e., ahasuerus or artaxerxes, but in this case xerxes), the title (rather than name) of a persian king
מִקֵּץ֩ after H7093
מִקֵּץ֩ after
Strong's: H7093
Word #: 9 of 30
an extremity; adverbially (with prepositional prefix) after
הֱי֨וֹת H1961
הֱי֨וֹת
Strong's: H1961
Word #: 10 of 30
to exist, i.e., be or become, come to pass (always emphatic, and not a mere copula or auxiliary)
לָ֜הּ H0
לָ֜הּ
Strong's: H0
Word #: 11 of 30
כְּדָ֤ת according to the manner H1881
כְּדָ֤ת according to the manner
Strong's: H1881
Word #: 12 of 30
a royal edict or statute
הַנָּשִֽׁים׃ of the women H802
הַנָּשִֽׁים׃ of the women
Strong's: H802
Word #: 13 of 30
a woman
שְׁנֵ֣ים that she had been twelve H8147
שְׁנֵ֣ים that she had been twelve
Strong's: H8147
Word #: 14 of 30
two; also (as ordinal) twofold
עָשָׂ֣ר H6240
עָשָׂ֣ר
Strong's: H6240
Word #: 15 of 30
ten (only in combination), i.e., -teen; also (ordinal) -teenth
חֳדָשִׁים֙ months H2320
חֳדָשִׁים֙ months
Strong's: H2320
Word #: 16 of 30
the new moon; by implication, a month
כִּ֛י H3588
כִּ֛י
Strong's: H3588
Word #: 17 of 30
(by implication) very widely used as a relative conjunction or adverb (as below); often largely modified by other particles annexed
כֵּ֥ן H3651
כֵּ֥ן
Strong's: H3651
Word #: 18 of 30
properly, set upright; hence (figuratively as adjective) just; but usually (as adverb or conjunction) rightly or so (in various applications to manner
יִמְלְא֖וּ accomplished H4390
יִמְלְא֖וּ accomplished
Strong's: H4390
Word #: 19 of 30
to fill or (intransitively) be full of, in a wide application (literally and figuratively)
יְמֵ֣י for so were the days H3117
יְמֵ֣י for so were the days
Strong's: H3117
Word #: 20 of 30
a day (as the warm hours), whether literal (from sunrise to sunset, or from one sunset to the next), or figurative (a space of time defined by an asso
מְרֽוּקֵיהֶ֑ן of their purifications H4795
מְרֽוּקֵיהֶ֑ן of their purifications
Strong's: H4795
Word #: 21 of 30
properly, rubbed; but used abstractly, a rubbing (with perfumery)
וְשִׁשָּׁ֤ה and six H8337
וְשִׁשָּׁ֤ה and six
Strong's: H8337
Word #: 22 of 30
six (as an overplus beyond five or the fingers of the hand); as ordinal, sixth
חֳדָשִׁים֙ months H2320
חֳדָשִׁים֙ months
Strong's: H2320
Word #: 23 of 30
the new moon; by implication, a month
בְּשֶׁ֣מֶן with oil H8081
בְּשֶׁ֣מֶן with oil
Strong's: H8081
Word #: 24 of 30
grease, especially liquid (as from the olive, often perfumed); figuratively, richness
הַמֹּ֔ר of myrrh H4753
הַמֹּ֔ר of myrrh
Strong's: H4753
Word #: 25 of 30
myrrh (as distilling in drops, and also as bitter)
וְשִׁשָּׁ֤ה and six H8337
וְשִׁשָּׁ֤ה and six
Strong's: H8337
Word #: 26 of 30
six (as an overplus beyond five or the fingers of the hand); as ordinal, sixth
חֳדָשִׁים֙ months H2320
חֳדָשִׁים֙ months
Strong's: H2320
Word #: 27 of 30
the new moon; by implication, a month
בַּבְּשָׂמִ֔ים with sweet odours H1314
בַּבְּשָׂמִ֔ים with sweet odours
Strong's: H1314
Word #: 28 of 30
fragrance; by implication, spicery; also the balsam plant
וּבְתַמְרוּקֵ֖י and with other things for the purifying H8562
וּבְתַמְרוּקֵ֖י and with other things for the purifying
Strong's: H8562
Word #: 29 of 30
properly, a scouring, i.e., soap or perfumery for the bath; figuratively, a detergent
הַנָּשִֽׁים׃ of the women H802
הַנָּשִֽׁים׃ of the women
Strong's: H802
Word #: 30 of 30
a woman

Analysis & Commentary

Now when every maid's turn was come to go in to king Ahasuerus, after that she had been twelve months, according to the manner of the women, (for so were the days of their purifications accomplished, to wit, six months with oil of myrrh, and six months with sweet odours, and with other things for the purifying of the women;) The twelve-month preparation period reveals both the elaborate nature of Persian royal culture and the extended timeline over which God's providence operates. The "purifications" (tamruqim, תַּמְרוּקִים) involved six months with "oil of myrrh" (shemen hamor, שֶׁמֶן הַמֹּר) and six months with "sweet odours" (besamim, בְּשָׂמִים) and other cosmetic treatments. This regimen served both beautification and practical purposes (removing body hair, softening skin, applying fragrances). The year-long process also ensured virginity and acclimated maidens to palace life. This extended preparation parallels spiritual truth: God often prepares His servants through prolonged seasons of formation before critical service.

Historical Context

Ancient beauty treatments described in classical sources included oil baths, perfumed ointments, cosmetic applications, special diets, and physical training. Myrrh oil was prized for its fragrance and skin-softening properties. The second six months' "sweet odours" included perfumes like frankincense, spikenard, and other aromatic oils and spices. Archaeological discoveries confirm extensive ancient Near Eastern cosmetic industries producing the oils, perfumes, and treatments described here. The resource expenditure for this process was enormous—twelve months of luxury cosmetics for potentially hundreds of candidates demonstrates Persian imperial wealth. The elaborate preparation also created competitive advantages for those, like Esther, who received preferential treatment and superior products through Hegai's favor (v. 9).

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