Isaiah 17:5
And it shall be as when the harvestman gathereth the corn, and reapeth the ears with his arm; and it shall be as he that gathereth ears in the valley of Rephaim.
Original Language Analysis
Cross References
Historical Context
The Valley of Rephaim (southwest of Jerusalem) was a fertile area mentioned in David's battles against Philistines (2 Samuel 5:17-25). Its reputation for abundant harvests made it an apt metaphor for thorough conquest. Assyrian deportation policies resembled complete harvesting—systematically removing population to prevent rebellion and repopulate with foreigners. Sargon II's annals boast of thorough conquests: '27,290 people...I carried away.' The harvest metaphor precisely described Assyrian methodology—systematic, thorough, leaving little behind.
Questions for Reflection
- What does harvest imagery teach about the thoroughness of divine judgment?
- How does God's use of Assyria as 'harvester' demonstrate sovereignty over pagan empires?
- In what ways is Assyria's role as judgment instrument both fulfilling God's purposes and facing later judgment?
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Analysis & Commentary
The imagery shifts to harvest: 'as when the harvestman gathereth the corn, and reapeth the ears with his arm.' This depicts thorough gleaning—the harvester's arm gathering grain completely. Then: 'as he that gathereth ears in the valley of Rephaim.' The Valley of Rephaim, near Jerusalem, was known for bountiful harvests. The metaphor indicates Assyria will thoroughly harvest (conquer and deport) Israel as completely as a skilled harvester gathers grain. Nothing will be left standing. This agricultural metaphor would powerfully communicate to an agrarian society—they understood complete harvest meant storage or removal of everything valuable.