Isaiah 16:8

Authorized King James Version

For the fields of Heshbon languish, and the vine of Sibmah: the lords of the heathen have broken down the principal plants thereof, they are come even unto Jazer, they wandered through the wilderness: her branches are stretched out, they are gone over the sea.

Word-by-Word Analysis
#1
כִּ֣י
(by implication) very widely used as a relative conjunction or adverb (as below); often largely modified by other particles annexed
#2
שַׁדְמוֹת֩
For the fields
a cultivated field
#3
חֶשְׁבּ֨וֹן
of Heshbon
cheshbon, a place east of the jordan
#4
אֻמְלָ֜ל
languish
to droop; by implication to be sick, to mourn
#5
גֶּ֣פֶן
and the vine
a vine (as twining), especially the grape
#6
שִׂבְמָ֗ה
of Sibmah
sebam or sibmah, a place in moab
#7
בַּעֲלֵ֤י
the lords
a master; hence, a husband, or (figuratively) owner (often used with another noun in modifications of this latter sense)
#8
גוֹיִם֙
of the heathen
a foreign nation; hence, a gentile; also (figuratively) a troop of animals, or a flight of locusts
#9
הָלְמ֣וּ
have broken down
to strike down; by implication, to hammer, stamp, conquer, disband
#10
שְׂרוּקֶּ֔יהָ
the principal plants
a grapevine
#11
עַד
as far (or long, or much) as, whether of space (even unto) or time (during, while, until) or degree (equally with)
#12
יַעְזֵ֥ר
even unto Jazer
jaazer or jazer, a place east of the jordan
#13
נָגָ֖עוּ
thereof they are come
properly, to touch, i.e., lay the hand upon (for any purpose; euphemistically, to lie with a woman); by implication, to reach (figuratively, to arrive
#14
תָּ֣עוּ
they wandered
to vacillate, i.e., reel or stray (literally or figuratively); also causative of both
#15
מִדְבָּ֑ר
through the wilderness
a pasture (i.e., open field, whither cattle are driven); by implication, a desert
#16
שְׁלֻ֣חוֹתֶ֔יהָ
her branches
a shoot
#17
נִטְּשׁ֖וּ
are stretched out
properly, to pound, i.e., smite; by implication (as if beating out, and thus expanding) to disperse; also, to thrust off, down, out or upon (inclusive
#18
עָ֥בְרוּ
they are gone over
to cross over; used very widely of any transition (literal or figurative; transitive, intransitive, intensive, causative); specifically, to cover (in
#19
יָֽם׃
the sea
a sea (as breaking in noisy surf) or large body of water; specifically (with the article), the mediterranean sea; sometimes a large river, or an artif

Analysis

The salvation theme here intersects with the metanarrative of redemption running from Genesis to Revelation. Biblical theology recognizes this as part of a unified storyline from the promise in Genesis 3:15 to its fulfillment in Christ. The phrase emphasizing divine sovereignty contributes to our systematic understanding of Christian doctrine and connects to the broader scriptural witness about God's saving work from the Exodus to the cross.

Historical Context

The historical context of the biblical period relevant to this book's composition provides crucial background for understanding this verse. The historical and cultural milieu of the biblical world informed the author's theological expression and the audience's understanding. The the cultural context of the biblical world would have shaped how the original audience understood divine sovereignty. Archaeological and historical evidence reveals Archaeological discoveries continue to illuminate the historical context of biblical texts.

Questions for Reflection

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