Isaiah 16:8

Authorized King James Version

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For the fields of Heshbon languish, and the vine of Sibmah: the lords of the heathen have broken down the principal plants thereof, they are come even unto Jazer, they wandered through the wilderness: her branches are stretched out, they are gone over the sea.

Original Language Analysis

כִּ֣י H3588
כִּ֣י
Strong's: H3588
Word #: 1 of 19
(by implication) very widely used as a relative conjunction or adverb (as below); often largely modified by other particles annexed
שַׁדְמוֹת֩ For the fields H7709
שַׁדְמוֹת֩ For the fields
Strong's: H7709
Word #: 2 of 19
a cultivated field
חֶשְׁבּ֨וֹן of Heshbon H2809
חֶשְׁבּ֨וֹן of Heshbon
Strong's: H2809
Word #: 3 of 19
cheshbon, a place east of the jordan
אֻמְלָ֜ל languish H535
אֻמְלָ֜ל languish
Strong's: H535
Word #: 4 of 19
to droop; by implication to be sick, to mourn
גֶּ֣פֶן and the vine H1612
גֶּ֣פֶן and the vine
Strong's: H1612
Word #: 5 of 19
a vine (as twining), especially the grape
שִׂבְמָ֗ה of Sibmah H7643
שִׂבְמָ֗ה of Sibmah
Strong's: H7643
Word #: 6 of 19
sebam or sibmah, a place in moab
בַּעֲלֵ֤י the lords H1167
בַּעֲלֵ֤י the lords
Strong's: H1167
Word #: 7 of 19
a master; hence, a husband, or (figuratively) owner (often used with another noun in modifications of this latter sense)
גוֹיִם֙ of the heathen H1471
גוֹיִם֙ of the heathen
Strong's: H1471
Word #: 8 of 19
a foreign nation; hence, a gentile; also (figuratively) a troop of animals, or a flight of locusts
הָלְמ֣וּ have broken down H1986
הָלְמ֣וּ have broken down
Strong's: H1986
Word #: 9 of 19
to strike down; by implication, to hammer, stamp, conquer, disband
שְׂרוּקֶּ֔יהָ the principal plants H8291
שְׂרוּקֶּ֔יהָ the principal plants
Strong's: H8291
Word #: 10 of 19
a grapevine
עַד H5704
עַד
Strong's: H5704
Word #: 11 of 19
as far (or long, or much) as, whether of space (even unto) or time (during, while, until) or degree (equally with)
יַעְזֵ֥ר even unto Jazer H3270
יַעְזֵ֥ר even unto Jazer
Strong's: H3270
Word #: 12 of 19
jaazer or jazer, a place east of the jordan
נָגָ֖עוּ thereof they are come H5060
נָגָ֖עוּ thereof they are come
Strong's: H5060
Word #: 13 of 19
properly, to touch, i.e., lay the hand upon (for any purpose; euphemistically, to lie with a woman); by implication, to reach (figuratively, to arrive
תָּ֣עוּ they wandered H8582
תָּ֣עוּ they wandered
Strong's: H8582
Word #: 14 of 19
to vacillate, i.e., reel or stray (literally or figuratively); also causative of both
מִדְבָּ֑ר through the wilderness H4057
מִדְבָּ֑ר through the wilderness
Strong's: H4057
Word #: 15 of 19
a pasture (i.e., open field, whither cattle are driven); by implication, a desert
שְׁלֻ֣חוֹתֶ֔יהָ her branches H7976
שְׁלֻ֣חוֹתֶ֔יהָ her branches
Strong's: H7976
Word #: 16 of 19
a shoot
נִטְּשׁ֖וּ are stretched out H5203
נִטְּשׁ֖וּ are stretched out
Strong's: H5203
Word #: 17 of 19
properly, to pound, i.e., smite; by implication (as if beating out, and thus expanding) to disperse; also, to thrust off, down, out or upon (inclusive
עָ֥בְרוּ they are gone over H5674
עָ֥בְרוּ they are gone over
Strong's: H5674
Word #: 18 of 19
to cross over; used very widely of any transition (literal or figurative; transitive, intransitive, intensive, causative); specifically, to cover (in
יָֽם׃ the sea H3220
יָֽם׃ the sea
Strong's: H3220
Word #: 19 of 19
a sea (as breaking in noisy surf) or large body of water; specifically (with the article), the mediterranean sea; sometimes a large river, or an artif

Analysis & Commentary

Agricultural devastation extends to Heshbon and Sibmah's famous vineyards. Fields languish, choice vines are destroyed, vines that reached Jazer and wandered through wilderness are broken down. "Lords of the heathen" (foreign rulers) breaking vines indicates systematic destruction of economic infrastructure. Ancient warfare targeted agriculture to create famine and prevent recovery. Spiritually, this depicts how sin destroys fruitfulness—life apart from the True Vine (John 15) produces temporary prosperity that judgment withers.

Historical Context

Moab's plateau provided excellent viticulture. Heshbon and Sibmah wines were renowned and exported throughout the region. Archaeological surveys confirm extensive ancient terrace systems for grape cultivation. Assyrian and Babylonian military policy included destroying fruit trees and vines (2 Kings 3:19, 25). Systematic agricultural destruction contributed to Moab's depopulation and disappearance as a distinct nation.

Questions for Reflection

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