Isaiah 10:5

Authorized King James Version

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O Assyrian, the rod of mine anger, and the staff in their hand is mine indignation.

Original Language Analysis

ה֥וֹי O H1945
ה֥וֹי O
Strong's: H1945
Word #: 1 of 8
oh!
אַשּׁ֖וּר Assyrian H804
אַשּׁ֖וּר Assyrian
Strong's: H804
Word #: 2 of 8
ashshur, the second son of shem; also his descendants and the country occupied by them (i.e., assyria), its region and its empire
שֵׁ֣בֶט the rod H7626
שֵׁ֣בֶט the rod
Strong's: H7626
Word #: 3 of 8
a scion, i.e., (literally) a stick (for punishing, writing, fighting, ruling, walking, etc.) or (figuratively) a clan
אַפִּ֑י of mine anger H639
אַפִּ֑י of mine anger
Strong's: H639
Word #: 4 of 8
properly, the nose or nostril; hence, the face, and occasionally a person; also (from the rapid breathing in passion) ire
וּמַטֶּה and the staff H4294
וּמַטֶּה and the staff
Strong's: H4294
Word #: 5 of 8
a branch (as extending); figuratively, a tribe; also a rod, whether for chastising (figuratively, correction), ruling (a sceptre), throwing (a lance),
ה֥וּא H1931
ה֥וּא
Strong's: H1931
Word #: 6 of 8
he (she or it); only expressed when emphatic or without a verb; also (intensively) self, or (especially with the article) the same; sometimes (as demo
בְיָדָ֖ם in their hand H3027
בְיָדָ֖ם in their hand
Strong's: H3027
Word #: 7 of 8
a hand (the open one [indicating power, means, direction, etc.], in distinction from h3709, the closed one); used (as noun, adverb, etc.) in a great v
זַעְמִֽי׃ is mine indignation H2195
זַעְמִֽי׃ is mine indignation
Strong's: H2195
Word #: 8 of 8
strictly froth at the mouth, i.e., (figuratively) fury (especially of god's displeasure with sin)

Analysis & Commentary

A dramatic shift: God addresses Assyria directly as His instrument. 'O Assyrian, the rod of mine anger' reveals that Assyria, though pagan and wicked, serves as God's tool for disciplining Israel. 'The staff in their hand is mine indignation' emphasizes God's complete sovereignty over even hostile nations. This illustrates the Reformed doctrine of providence—God orchestrates all events, even using evil agents to accomplish His righteous purposes. Assyria thinks they act autonomously, but God controls their movements.

Historical Context

Assyria dominated the ancient Near East (745-612 BC), conquering kingdoms systematically. Yet Isaiah reveals they were unwittingly fulfilling God's purposes. Tiglath-Pileser III, Shalmaneser V, Sargon II, and Sennacherib all thought they acted from imperial ambition, but God directed their campaigns to discipline His people. This demonstrates God's sovereignty over world history—pagan empires serve His redemptive plan.

Questions for Reflection

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