Isaiah 1:12

When ye come to appear before me, who hath required this at your hand, to tread my courts?

Word-by-Word Analysis

כִּ֣י

H3588

(by implication) very widely used as a relative conjunction or adverb (as below); often largely modified by other particles annexed

תָבֹ֔אוּ

H935

When ye come

to go or come (in a wide variety of applications)

לֵרָא֖וֹת

H7200

to appear

to see, literally or figuratively (in numerous applications, direct and implied, transitive, intransitive and causative)

פָּנָ֑י

H6440

before

the face (as the part that turns); used in a great variety of applications (literally and figuratively); also (with prepositional prefix) as a preposi

מִי

H4310

who? (occasionally, by a peculiar idiom, of things); also (indefinitely) whoever; often used in oblique construction with prefix or suffix

בִקֵּ֥שׁ

H1245

me who hath required

to search out (by any method, specifically in worship or prayer); by implication, to strive after

זֹ֛את

H2063

this (often used adverb)

מִיֶּדְכֶ֖ם

H3027

this at your hand

a hand (the open one [indicating power, means, direction, etc.], in distinction from h3709, the closed one); used (as noun, adverb, etc.) in a great v

רְמֹ֥ס

H7429

to tread

to tread upon (as a potter, in walking or abusively)

#10

חֲצֵרָֽי׃

H2691

my courts

a yard (as inclosed by a fence); also a hamlet (as similarly surrounded with walls)

Analysis

This verse develops the salvation theme central to Isaiah. The concept of divine revelation reflects the development of salvation within biblical theology. The literary structure and word choice here contribute to biblical literature contributing to the canon's theological witness, advancing the author's theological argument. The original language emphasizes careful word choice that would have carried specific theological weight for the original audience, providing deeper understanding of the author's theological intention.

Historical Context

The historical context of the biblical period relevant to this book's composition provides crucial background for understanding this verse. The historical and cultural milieu of the biblical world informed the author's theological expression and the audience's understanding. The the cultural context of the biblical world would have shaped how the original audience understood divine revelation. Archaeological and historical evidence reveals Archaeological discoveries continue to illuminate the historical context of biblical texts.

Questions for Reflection

What systematic theological implications arise from this verse's treatment of salvation, and how does it contribute to a biblical theology of soteriology and the doctrine of salvation?
How might the original audience's understanding of divine revelation differ from modern interpretations, and what bridges can be built between ancient meaning and contemporary application?
In what ways does this verse's emphasis on divine revelation address religious pluralism and questions about the necessity of Christ, and how should the church respond?

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