Hosea 7:11

Authorized King James Version

Ephraim also is like a silly dove without heart: they call to Egypt, they go to Assyria.

Word-by-Word Analysis
#1
וַיְהִ֣י
to exist, i.e., be or become, come to pass (always emphatic, and not a mere copula or auxiliary)
#2
אֶפְרַ֔יִם
Ephraim
ephrajim, a son of joseph; also the tribe descended from him, and its territory
#3
כְּיוֹנָ֥ה
dove
a dove (apparently from the warmth of their mating)
#4
פוֹתָ֖ה
also is like a silly
to open, i.e., be (causatively, make) roomy; usually figuratively (in a mental or moral sense) to be (causatively, make) simple or (in a sinister way)
#5
אֵ֣ין
a nonentity; generally used as a negative particle
#6
לֵ֑ב
without heart
the heart; also used (figuratively) very widely for the feelings, the will and even the intellect; likewise for the center of anything
#7
מִצְרַ֥יִם
to Egypt
mitsrajim, i.e., upper and lower egypt
#8
קָרָ֖אוּ
they call
to call out to (i.e., properly, address by name, but used in a wide variety of applications)
#9
אַשּׁ֥וּר
to Assyria
ashshur, the second son of shem; also his descendants and the country occupied by them (i.e., assyria), its region and its empire
#10
הָלָֽכוּ׃
they go
to walk (in a great variety of applications, literally and figuratively)

Analysis

The salvation theme here intersects with the metanarrative of redemption running from Genesis to Revelation. Biblical theology recognizes this as part of a unified storyline from the promise in Genesis 3:15 to its fulfillment in Christ. The phrase emphasizing divine revelation contributes to our systematic understanding of Christian doctrine and connects to the broader scriptural witness about God's saving work from the Exodus to the cross.

Historical Context

The historical context of the biblical period relevant to this book's composition provides crucial background for understanding this verse. The historical and cultural milieu of the biblical world informed the author's theological expression and the audience's understanding. The the cultural context of the biblical world would have shaped how the original audience understood divine revelation. Archaeological and historical evidence reveals Archaeological discoveries continue to illuminate the historical context of biblical texts.

Questions for Reflection