Hosea 6:4

Authorized King James Version

O Ephraim, what shall I do unto thee? O Judah, what shall I do unto thee? for your goodness is as a morning cloud, and as the early dew it goeth away.

Word-by-Word Analysis
#1
מָ֤ה
properly, interrogative what? (including how? why? when?); but also exclamation, what! (including how!), or indefinitely what (including whatever, and
#2
אֶעֱשֶׂה
what shall I do
to do or make, in the broadest sense and widest application
#3
לְּךָ֙
H0
#4
אֶפְרַ֔יִם
O Ephraim
ephrajim, a son of joseph; also the tribe descended from him, and its territory
#5
מָ֥ה
properly, interrogative what? (including how? why? when?); but also exclamation, what! (including how!), or indefinitely what (including whatever, and
#6
אֶעֱשֶׂה
what shall I do
to do or make, in the broadest sense and widest application
#7
לְּךָ֖
H0
#8
יְהוּדָ֑ה
unto thee O Judah
jehudah (or judah), the name of five israelites; also of the tribe descended from the first, and of its territory
#9
וְחַסְדְּכֶם֙
unto thee for your goodness
kindness; by implication (towards god) piety; rarely (by opposition) reproof, or (subject.) beauty
#10
כַּֽעֲנַן
cloud
a cloud (as covering the sky), i.e., the nimbus or thunder-cloud
#11
בֹּ֔קֶר
is as a morning
properly, dawn (as the break of day); generally, morning
#12
וְכַטַּ֖ל
dew
dew (as covering vegetation)
#13
מַשְׁכִּ֥ים
and as the early
literally, to load up (on the back of man or beast), i.e., to start early in the morning
#14
הֹלֵֽךְ׃
it goeth away
to walk (in a great variety of applications, literally and figuratively)

Analysis

This verse develops the salvation theme central to Hosea. The concept of divine revelation reflects the development of salvation within biblical theology. The literary structure and word choice here contribute to biblical literature contributing to the canon's theological witness, advancing the author's theological argument. The original language emphasizes careful word choice that would have carried specific theological weight for the original audience, providing deeper understanding of the author's theological intention.

Historical Context

The literary and historical milieu of the literary conventions and historical circumstances of biblical literature shapes this text's meaning. The historical development of salvation within the theological tradition of Hosea Understanding the ancient worldview that shaped the author's theological expression helps modern readers appreciate why the author emphasizes divine revelation in this particular way.

Questions for Reflection