Hebrews 11:1
Now faith is the substance of things hoped for, the evidence of things not seen.
Word-by-Word Analysis
Cross References
Related verses that illuminate this passage (hover to preview):
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1
2 Corinthians 5:7
2 Corinthians 5:7
(For we walk by faith, not by sight:)— Walk by faith, not by sight
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2
Romans 8:24
Romans 8:24
For we are saved by hope: but hope that is seen is not hope: for what a man seeth, why doth he yet hope for?— Hope that is seen is not hope
Analysis
Now faith is the substance of things hoped for, the evidence of things not seen. This verse provides the classic biblical definition of faith, describing both its nature and function. "Substance" (hypostasis, ὑπόστασις) literally means "that which stands under" or foundation, indicating that faith provides objective reality to hoped-for things, not merely subjective confidence. Faith gives substance to future promises, making them present realities in the believer's experience.
"Evidence" (elegchos, ἔλεγχος) refers to proof or conviction that establishes truth. Faith provides convincing evidence of invisible spiritual realities, functioning like a divine radar that detects what natural senses cannot perceive. This evidence is not emotional feeling but objective spiritual perception.
The verse establishes faith as the bridge between visible and invisible realms, enabling believers to live based on divine promises rather than immediate circumstances. Faith makes the future present and the invisible visible, providing the foundation for the life of obedience described in the following examples.
Historical Context
Hebrews was written to Jewish Christians facing persecution and temptation to return to Judaism. The recipients were wavering in their commitment to Christ, discouraged by suffering and the apparent delay of promised blessings. In this context, the definition of faith addresses their need for perseverance based on unseen realities.
The concept of faith as "substance" would have resonated with readers familiar with both Greek philosophical concepts and Hebrew understanding of God's covenant faithfulness. The author uses sophisticated Greek terminology to explain Hebrew concepts of trust and faithfulness to God.
Chapter 11 follows this definition with examples from Jewish history, demonstrating that faith has always been the operating principle for God's people. These examples would have encouraged wavering Jewish Christians by showing that their ancestors also lived by faith in God's promises rather than visible fulfillment.
Questions for Reflection
- How does faith as 'substance' and 'evidence' differ from mere wishful thinking or blind belief?
- What role should faith play in decision-making when circumstances seem to contradict God's promises?
- How can believers develop the kind of faith that makes unseen realities more real than visible circumstances?