Genesis 43:11

Authorized King James Version

And their father Israel said unto them, If it must be so now, do this; take of the best fruits in the land in your vessels, and carry down the man a present, a little balm, and a little honey, spices, and myrrh, nuts, and almonds:

Word-by-Word Analysis
#1
וַיֹּ֨אמֶר
said
to say (used with great latitude)
#2
אֲלֵהֶ֜ם
near, with or among; often in general, to
#3
יִשְׂרָאֵ֣ל
Israel
he will rule as god; jisral, a symbolical name of jacob; also (typically) of his posterity
#4
אֲבִיהֶ֗ם
H1
And their father
father, in a literal and immediate, or figurative and remote application
#5
אִם
used very widely as demonstrative, lo!; interrogative, whether?; or conditional, if, although; also oh that!, when; hence, as a negative, not
#6
כֵּ֣ן׀
properly, set upright; hence (figuratively as adjective) just; but usually (as adverb or conjunction) rightly or so (in various applications to manner
#7
אֵפוֹא֮
unto them If it must be so now
strictly a demonstrative particle, here; but used of time, now or then
#8
זֹ֣את
this (often used adverb)
#9
עֲשׂוּ֒
do
to do or make, in the broadest sense and widest application
#10
קְח֞וּ
this take
to take (in the widest variety of applications)
#11
מִזִּמְרַ֤ת
of the best fruits
pruned (i.e., choice) fruit
#12
הָאָ֙רֶץ֙
in the land
the earth (at large, or partitively a land)
#13
בִּכְלֵיכֶ֔ם
in your vessels
something prepared, i.e., any apparatus (as an implement, utensil, dress, vessel or weapon)
#14
וְהוֹרִ֥ידוּ
and carry down
to descend (literally, to go downwards; or conventionally to a lower region, as the shore, a boundary, the enemy, etc.; or figuratively, to fall); cau
#15
לָאִ֖ישׁ
properly, a mortal (and thus differing from the more dignified h0120); hence, a man in general (singly or collectively)
#16
מִנְחָ֑ה
a present
a donation; euphemistically, tribute; specifically a sacrificial offering (usually bloodless and voluntary)
#17
וּמְעַ֣ט
a little
a little or few (often adverbial or comparative)
#18
צֳרִי֙
balm
distillation, i.e., balsam
#19
וּמְעַ֣ט
a little
a little or few (often adverbial or comparative)
#20
דְּבַ֔שׁ
honey
honey (from its stickiness); by analogy, syrup
#21
נְכֹ֣את
spices
properly, a smiting, i.e., (concretely) an aromatic gum (perhaps styrax) (as powdered)
#22
וָלֹ֔ט
and myrrh
a gum (from its sticky nature), probably ladanum
#23
בָּטְנִ֖ים
nuts
(only in plural) a pistachio-nut (from its form)
#24
וּשְׁקֵדִֽים׃
and almonds
the almond (tree or nut; as being the earliest in bloom)

Analysis

The creation and providence theme here intersects with the broader canonical witness to God's character and purposes. Biblical theology recognizes this as part of progressive revelation that finds its culmination in Christ. The phrase emphasizing divine revelation contributes to our systematic understanding of Christian doctrine and connects to the broader scriptural witness about God's consistent character and purposes.

Historical Context

This passage must be understood within the tribal and clan-based society of the ancient Near East. The author writes to address the foundational narrative for Israel's identity and relationship with God, making the emphasis on creation and providence particularly relevant. Historical documents from this period show cultural practices and social structures that would have been familiar to the original readers, illuminating the verse's original impact.

Questions for Reflection

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